Commons:Анонимные работы

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Под анонимным произведением понимается произведение, автор которого неизвестен, не разглашается или был намеренно указан как анонимный. В соответствии с Бернской конвенцией все новые творческие работы, в рамках местного законодательства, автоматически подлежат защите авторских прав, даже если они публикуются без авторской информации или специально под псевдонимом (иначе называемым анонимным произведением). Анонимные работы требуют особого внимания при оценке того, находится ли произведение в открытом доступе. Ссылки на правила для анонимных произведений в определенных странах можно найти в Commons:Нормы авторского права по странам.

Анонимные работы отличаются от ситуаций, когда изображения в Интернете или где-либо еще могут просто не иметь ярлыка, кредитной линии или другой соответствующей атрибуции, которая кредитует автора. В этой ситуации нужно проделать больше работы, чтобы найти имя создателя, например, связаться с веб-хостом или просмотреть метаданные файла. Смотрите сравнение ниже.

Сопоставление

Во всех случаях при загрузке изображений на Викисклад должна быть предоставлена подробная информация об авторе, а заявления об анонимности автора должны быть подтверждены надёжными источниками.

Анонимные работы

An anonymous work is a work published by its author, who wishes to remain anonymous, and either under no name at all, or a pseudonym that easily cannot be connected to its creator, defined in US law as "a work on the copies or phonorecords of which no natural person is identified as author." Often the rules for copyright expiration change if this is the case. If there is no known author, a date of death (if any) cannot be established. So in most cases, the protection of copyright is a fixed term beginning from the first date of publication. Article 7.3 of the Berne Convention mandates a minimum of 50 years of protection for anonymous works from the date it was "lawfully made available to the public", rather than a term for 50 years after the author's death.

In most countries however, if the author then discloses his identity after publication, the normal term is granted automatically like it was never even published anonymously. However, only case law in some countries has actually specified what could happen if the author revealed themselves after the term ends.

Нет информации об авторе

Works that do not immediately cite attribution to an author are not automatically 'anonymous'. Across the Internet, websites often offer images without attributing the author. In most cases, the image was published by an author, but it was exhibited on a site simply without mention of them. This could be a failure of the site to accurately cite the author of the works they are hosting, or part of the distribution relationship with an organisation. For example, an organisation may release photographs it has purchased under its own brand name without specifying the individual photographers who were involved. For these reasons, it is typically not correct to assume an author has intended anonymity.

Ситуация по странам

Unless otherwise noted, it is assumed that most countries utilize the 50 years rule under the Berne Convention.

Евросоюз

In most European Union countries due to the harmonization of copyright terms, an anonymous work is given 70 years of protection from the day it was published (which can often make anonymous works published before 1954 be considered to be in the public domain). Albania, Andorra, Australia, Brazil, Norway, and Paraguay also use 70 years.

Франция

Статья L123-3 в Code de la propriété intellectuelle :

In France, an anonymous work is given 70 years of protection from the start of the year after it was published, rather than the date it was published. If the author discloses themselves within 70 years after the first publication, the protection duration become the same as for normally published works (at least 70 years after death of author).

If an anonymous work was not published within 70 years after its creation, its owner who publishes it for the first time is granted an exclusive right for a duration of 25 years from the beginning of the year after the year of its publication.

Канада

Канада применяет срок в 50 лет после публикации или 75 после создания, который наступает раньше.

Индия

Anonymous works are protected in India for 60 years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the work is published (This is valid for literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work other than photograph that is published anonymously). In case of photographic work the copyrights subsists for a term of 50 years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the work is published. Reference: Copyright Act 1957 and The Copyright Amendment Act 2012

Монголия

Анонимные работы защищены на 75 лет после публикации.

Россия

Анонимные работы защищены на 70 лет после публикации. Для подробной информации см. {{PD-Russia}}.

Великобритания

If the author is unknown then the basic time period to bear in mind is 70 years. If the work has an unknown author and was created after 30 August 1989 copyright expires either 70 years after creation or if during that period the work is made available to the public 70 years after that. If the work is a photograph with an unknown author taken before 1 June 1957 then copyright expires 70 years after creation or if during that period the work is made available to the public 70 years after that. If the work was created before 1969 with an unknown author then several scenarios can apply:

1. Если работа была опубликована ранее 30 августа 1989 года, тогда авторское право истекает через 70 лет после первой публикации.
2. Если работа не была опубликована и впервые стала публично доступна после 1968 года, тогда авторское право истекает через 70 лет после срока когда работа стала впервые публично доступна.
3. Если работа не была опубликована и никогда не была публично доступна, тогда авторское право истекает по окончании 2039 года.
4. Если работа не была опубликована и впервые стала публично доступна ранее 1969 года, тогда авторское право истекает по окончании 2039 года.

США

Many anonymous and pseudonymous works published before 1989 are in the public domain in the United States, but only because U.S. law previously required a copyright notice, registration, and renewal in order to gain or maintain protection: If a work was published before 1989, with the permission of the author, but without a copyright notice or without copyright registration, the work passed into the public domain in the United States. However, anonymity itself does not prevent a copyright: The work can still have a copyright notice and be registered in the United States as an anonymous or pseudonymous work. Even when a work is credited as anonymous or pseudonymous, the U.S. allows the option of providing or omitting the author's real name, birth year, and death year on the registration; so, if a work was registered, it might or might not be possible to determine the real author's death year.

A work that was created after 1904, but not published and not registered, can still retain copyright for the following 120 years if the author is not known; unpublished works are copyrighted without needing copyright notices or registration.

For works first published or registered in 1989 or later, the copyright terms are now 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is less.

Corporate authors follow the same rules as anonymous and pseudonymous authors whose death date cannot be determined.

Перу

Анонимные работы охраняются в течение 15 лет после публикации до 1980 года в соответствии с законом об авторском праве 1961 года. См. {{PD-Peru-anonymous}} для получения дополнительной информации.

См. также

• Викисклад:Правила авторских прав – other rules that may be applied by jurisdictions
• Викисклад:Лицензирование – The full Commons policy