Translations:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Consolidated list Northern Africa/2/hu

From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Text transcluded from
COM:Algeria

Algéria

A lap összefoglalja az algériai szerzői jogi szabályozásnak a Commons szempontjából releváns részét. A feltöltendő fájlnak mind Algériában, mind az Egyesült Államokban közkincsnek vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie. Kétség esetén a területi jogszabályok az irányadók.

Háttér[edit]

Algéria a 19. század közepétől 1962-ig francia gyarmat volt, majd az 1962 márciusi éviani egyezmények aláírásával független köztársasággá vált.

Algéria 1998. április 19-e óta a Berni Egyezmény, 2014. január 31-e óta pedig a WIPO Egyezmény tagja, ezek mellett pedig számos más egyezményt is aláírt.[1]

A 2018-as adatok szerint az ENSZ Szellemi Jogi Világszervezete (WIPO) Algéria szerzői jogának tekintetében az Ordinance No. 03-05 of 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 corresponding to July 19, 2003 on Copyright and Related Rights törvényt tekinti irányadónak,[1]melynek szövege megtalálható a WIPO Lex adatbázisban.[2] A Wayback Machine weboldalán a törvény francia változata olvasható.[3]

Időtartamok[edit]

Works published in Algeria before 1997 are subject to the 1973 copyright law: Ordonnance n° 73-14 du 3 avril 1973 relative au droit d'auteur (General rule: 25 year protection, see the chapter VII about duration).

Works published between 1997 and 2003 are subject to the 1997 copyright law: Ordonnance n° 10 du 6 mars 1997 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins, non retroactive. (General rule: 50 year protection).

Works published from 2003 onwards, as well as those not in the public domain at the time the 2003 copyright law came into effect, are subject to the 2003 copyright law.

A Ordinance No. 03-05 of 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 corresponding to July 19, 2003 szerint:

  • Az anyagi jog a szerző halálát követő gregorián naptár szerinti évtől 50 évig áll fenn.[Law of 2003, Art.54]
  • Közös munka eredményeképp létrejött művek jogvédelme az utoljára elhunyt szerző halálának gregorián naptár szerinti évétől számított 50 évig áll fenn.[Law of 2003, Art.55]
  • Gyűjtemények, ismeretlen és álnéven dolgozó szerző művei, valamint posztumusz és audiovizuális alkotások az első közzététel gregorián naptár szerinti évének végétől számított 50 esztendőig jogvédettek. Ha a mű ez idő alatt nem lett kiadva, akkor a védelmi idő az első közkézre kerülés gregorián naptár szerinti évétől számított 50 évig tart. Ha az alkotás egyáltalán nem került a publikum elé, akkor a védelmi időt a létrehozás évének végétől kell számolni.[Law of 2003, Art.56–58, 60]
  • Képi és iparművészeti alkotások a létrehozástól számított 50 évig jogvédettek.[Law of 2003, Art.59]

Az 1987. január 1-je előtt kiadott fotók közkincsek; lásd: {{PD-Algeria-photo-except}}

Nem védett művek[edit]

  • A védelem nem vonatkozik az alkotásokkal kapcsolatos ötletekre, koncepciókra, elvekre, megközelítésekre, technikákra, módokra és sémákra, kivéve ha ezek a jogvédett alkotásban listázva, strukturálva vagy rendezve vannak, és a kifejezésmód szerinti leírásuk, megvalósításuk vagy értelmezésük független.[Law of 2003, Art.7]
  • A nonprofit felhasználási célra közzétett állami alkotások a jó hírnév megőrzése és a forrás megjelölése esetén felhasználhatóak; a szakaszban említett állami alkotások fogalma alá az állami intézetek, helyi csoportok és adminisztratív közszervek művei esnek.[Law of 2003, Art.9]
  • Az ezen szakaszban foglaltaknak megfelelően állami intézetek és helyi csoportok általi törvények, rendeletek, határozatok, szerződések és ítéletek, továbbá ezek fordításai nem lehetnek jogvédettek.[Law of 2003, Art.11]

Hagyományos kulturális örökség: nem szabad[edit]

Lásd még: Commons:Paying public domain

A 2003. július 19-i Copyrights and Related Rights Act alapján a kulturális és nemzeti örökség alkotásai köztulajdonnak számítanak, ezáltal különleges védelem alá esnek.[Law of 2003, Art.8] Az ilyen műveket a nemzeti jogvédelmi hivatal szabályozása védi.[Law of 2003, Art.139] Az alkotások felhasználásához kötelező a hivatal engedélye és használati díj megfizetése.[Law of 2003, Art.140]

Licencsablonok[edit]

Pénz[edit]

   A jelenlegi pénzek esetén. A 2003-as szerzői jogi védelmi törvény alapján:

  • Az állami alkotások a jó hírnév megőrzése és a forrás megjelölése mellett szabadon felhasználhatóak nem kereskedelmi célokra. A szakaszban említett állami alkotások fogalma alá az állami intézetek, helyi csoportok és adminisztratív közszervek művei esnek.[Law of 2003, Art.9]

A nem kereskedelmi felhasználásra vonatkozó kikötés miatt ezek a képek a Commonsra nem tölthetőek fel. A szabály nem érvényes a „Banque de l'Algérie” (az 1958-ig működő francia gyarmati pénzintézet) által kibocsátott bankjegyekre és érmékre, mivel az nem a jelenlegi állam szervezete. Ezen valuták jogállása jelenleg kérdéses.

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

  {{FoP-Algeria}}

A 2003-as törvény 50-es cikkelye szerint a nyilvános helyen (kivéve galériák, múzeumok és természetvédelmi területek) állandó jelleggel megtalálható szépművészeti, iparművészeti és fotografikus alkotások engedélykérés nélküli és ingyenes újrafelhasználása megengedett.[Law of 2003, Art.50]

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Bir Tawil

Bir Tawil

Other region, e.g. dependency, union, former country

Bir Tawil (fehér) elhelyezkedése Egyiptom és Szudán között

Bir Tawil egy lakatlan terület Egyiptom és Szudán határán, amely egyik országhoz sem tartozik. A két ország között területi vita zajlik; Egyiptom szerint az általuk 1899-ben meghatározott egyenes vonaltól északra lévő területek hozzájuk tartoznak, míg Szudán 1902-ben egy szabálytalan vonalt rajzolt, szerintük az attól délre eső területek az övék. Bir Tawil az egyenes vonaltól délre, a szabálytalantól pedig északra fekszik.[1]

Valószínűleg minden Bir Tawilból származó alkotás mentes a szerzői jogtól az adott területen, azonban a máshol kiadott és nem megjelentetett művek esetén azok a szerző és a publikálás országának szerzői jogi szabályai alá is tartoznak.

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. Bir Tawil. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved on 2019-03-11.
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Ceuta

Ceuta

Other region, e.g. dependency, union, former country

Ceuta elhelyezkedése Marokkó és Spanyolország többi része között

Ceuta egy spanyol autonóm város Afrika északi partján, Marokkó határán. Ceuta Spanyolország részeként az Európai Unióhoz tartozik.

A Ceutából származó művekre a spanyol szerzői jogi szabályozás érvényes.

Not protected[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#NOP

Licencsablonok[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#TAG

Pénz[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#CUR

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#FOP

Bélyegek[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#Stamps

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Egypt

Egyiptom

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Egypt relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Egypt must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Egypt and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Egypt, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Háttér[edit]

The British took effective control of Egypt in the late 19th century, and on 5 November 1914 it became a British protectorate. Britain unilaterally declared that Egypt was independent on 22 February 1922, but retained a military presence until 1954.

Egypt has been a member of the Berne Convention since 7 June 1977 and the World Trade Organization since 30 June 1995.[1]

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 82 of 2002 on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Egypt.[1] WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.[2] A copy of the English text is also held on Commons.[3] Law No. 82 of 2002 repealed Law #354 of 1954, and repealed any provisions of that law that contradicted the provisions of the new law.[82/2002 Article 2(c)]

Általános szabályok[edit]

According to Law No. 82 of 2002,

  • The author's economic rights are protected throughout the lifetime of the author and for 50 years from the date of his death.[82/2002 Article 160]
  • The economic rights relating to works of joint authorship are protected throughout the lives of all co-authors and for 50 years from the death of the last survivor.[82/2002 Article 161]
  • For collective works, other than works of applied art,
    • Where the copyright holder is a legal entity, the economic rights are protected for 50 years from the date on which the work was published or made available to the public for the first time, whichever comes first.[82/2002 Article 162]
    • Where the copyright holder is a natural person, the protection period is calculated as in Articles 160 and 161.[82/2002 Article 162]
  • The economic rights relating to a posthumous work expire after 50 years from the date the work was published or made available to the public for the first time, whichever comes first.[82/2002 Article 162]
  • The economic rights relating to a work published anonymously or under pseudonym are protected for 50 years from the date the work was published or made available to the public for the first time, whichever comes first.[82/2002 Article 163]
  • The economic rights of the author of a work of applied art expire 25 years from the date on which the work was published or made available to the public for the first time, whichever comes first.[82/2002 Article 164]
  • Producers of sound recordings enjoy an exclusive economic right for 50 years from the date on which the recording was made or made public, whichever comes first.[82/2002 Article 167]

United States status[edit]

As a result of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act,

  • For non-creative photographic or audiovisual works copyright has expired in Egypt if published prior to 1987 and copyright has expired in the U.S. if published prior to 1981.
  • For other works with an identifiable author, copyright has expired in Egypt if the author died prior to 1974 and copyright has expired in the U.S. if the author died prior to 1946 or published prior to 1929.
  • For other works that are either anonymous or pseudonymous, copyright has expired in Egypt if published prior to 1974 and copyright has expired in the U.S. if published prior to 1946
  • For other works (e.g. collective works) whose copyright is held by a legal person, copyright has expired in Egypt if published prior to 1974 and copyright has expired in the U.S. if published prior to 1946.

National folklore[edit]

National folklore is any expression which consists of distinctive elements reflecting the traditional popular heritage, which originated or developed in Egypt, including in particular:[82/2002 Article 138(7)]

  • Oral expressions such as folk tales, poetry and charades, and other folklore;
  • Musical expressions such as popular songs accompanied by music;
  • Motion expressions, such as popular dances, plays, artistic forms and rituals;
  • Tangible expressions such as: Products of popular plastic art, particularly drawings with lines and colours, engravings, sculpture, ceramics, pottery, woodwork and any inlaid designs, mosaics, metal or jewellery, hand-woven bags, needlework, textiles, carpets and clothes; Musical instruments; Architectural forms.

National folklore shall be considered part of the public domain of the people. The competent ministry shall exercise the author's economic and moral rights and shall protect and support such folklore.[82/2002 Article 142]

Licencsablonok[edit]

Currency[edit]

  According to Law No. 82 of 2002 on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: "[Copyright protection] shall not cover the following: Official documents, whatever their source or target language, such as laws, regulations, resolutions and decisions, international conventions, court decisions, award of arbitrators and decisions of administrative committees having judicial competence."[82/2002 Article 141]

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

  even for 2-D artworks. {{FoP-Egypt}}

According to Article 171 of Law No. 82 of 2002:

  • Without prejudice to the moral rights of the author, pursuant to the provisions of the law herein, the author may not prevent third parties, after the publication of his work, from undertaking any of the following acts: ...[82/2002 Article 171]
  • Make a single copy of the work for one's exclusive personal use, provided that such a copy shall not hamper the normal exploitation of the work nor cause undue prejudice to the legitimate interests of the author or copyright holders;
However, the author or his successor may, after the publication of the work, prevent third parties from carrying out any of the following acts without his authorization:
  • Reproduction or copying works of fine, applied or plastic arts, unless they were displayed in a public place, or works of architecture; ...[82/2002 Article 171(2)]

By expressly denying the copyright holder the ability to enforce his copyright on works "displayed in a public place, or works of architecture" freedom of panorama for these items is implied. "Applied art" means art incorporated into useful articles. Plastic arts are three dimensional artworks. Fine arts are painting, photography, and sculpture, so Egypt's FOP is relatively broad, covering everything except text.

See also[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Libya

Líbia

A lap összefoglalja a líbia szerzői jogi szabályozásnak a Commons szempontjából releváns részét. A feltöltendő fájlnak mind Líbiában, mind az Egyesült Államokban közkincsnek vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie. Kétség esetén a területi jogszabályok az irányadók.

Háttér[edit]

Líbia 1911-ig oszmán fennhatóság alatt állt, majd olasz gyarmat lett. Az ország 1943–1951 között brit/francia megszállás alatt állt. Líbia 1951-től független királyság.

Líbia 1976. szeptember 28-a óta a Berni Egyezmény tagja.[1]

A 2018-as adatok szerint az ENSZ Szellemi Jogi Világszervezete (WIPO) Líbia szerzői jogának tekintetében a Law No. 9 for 1968 Issuing the Copyright Protection Law törvényt tekinti irányadónak,[1] melynek szövege megtalálható a WIPO Lex adatbázisban.[2] A törvény másolata a Wikiforráson is olvasható.[3]

Egy másik forrás szerint a szerzői jogra az 1984-es hetedik törvény vonatkozik, amely az 1968-as 9-es törvényen alapszik. A jogvédelem az alkotó halálát követően 50 évig áll fenn.[4]

Időtartamok[edit]

Líbia 1976-tól a berni egyezmény tagja, így az alapértelmezett jogvédelem az alkotó halálától 50 évig tart. A Law No. 9 of 1968 szerint:

According to Libyan Law No. 9 of 1968,

  • A pénzügyi véglegesítési jog az alkotó halála után jár le, azaz a teljes védelem minimum időtartama az alkotó halálától számított 50 év.[9/1968 Article 20]
  • Tájképeket bemutató fotók és mozifilmek jogi védelme az első közzétételt követő ötödik évig érvényes.[9/1968 Article 20]
  • Közös munka eredményeképp létrejött alkotások jogvédelmi ideje az utoljára elhunyt szerző halálától számítandó.[9/1968 Article 20]
  • Ha a szerző jogi személy vagy szervezet, a gazdasági jogok védelme az első közzétételtől számított 30 évig tartanak.[9/1968 Article 20]
  • Ismeretlne vagy álnéven dolgozó szerző alkotásainak jogvédelme a közzétételt követő 25. évig áll fenn, kivéve, ha az alkotó ez idő alatt ismertté vált.[9/1968 Article 21]
  • Az alkotó halála után kiadott művek a haláltól számított 50. évig jogvédettek.[9/1968 Article 22]

Adatvédelmi jogok[edit]

A Libyan Law No. 9 for 1968 alapján:

  • Azon fényképek, melyen emberek szerepelnek, csak az ábrázolt személyek engedélyével tehetőek közzé, kivéve ha az nyilvános eseményen készült, vagy a hatóságok engedélyt adtak a nyilvános felhasználásra. A fényképek nem használhatóak fel a rajta szereplő személyek hírnevének megsértésére.[9/1968 Article 36]
  • A karcolaton, festményen, fotón, szobron vagy más portrén szereplő személy engedélyt adhat a felhasználásra magazinoknak, újságoknak és hasonló lapoknak még akkor is, ha a fotós engedélyét nem kérik meg (kivéve, ha a felhasználás külön megállapodás témája).[9/1968 Article 36]

Nem védett művek[edit]

A Libyan Law No. 9 for 1968 szerint a következő művek csak akkor lehetnek jogvédettek, ha innovatívak, illetve elrendezésükben vagy más aspektusban egyediek:

  • Gyűjtemények (például vers, próza, zenei antológiák); azonban az egyes elemek továbbra is jogvédettek
  • Köztulajdonú alkotásokból álló gyűjtemény
  • Hivatalos szövegek (törvények, döntések, rendeletek, nemzetközi egyezmények, ítéletek stb.) és ezek gyűjteményei.

Licencsablonok[edit]

  • {{PD-Libya}} – a legalább 50 éve publikált fényképekhez.

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

   A Libyan Law No. (9) for 1968 nem tartalmaz a panorámaszabadságra vonatkozó kitételeket.

A similar provision is found at Article(17)(b) but is restricted to limited educational uses in books: "The following shall be allowed in school books and in literature, history, science and art books:...(b) Copying published works on graphic art, sculpture and photography provided that copying shall be limited to the extent necessary to explain what is written."[9/1968 Article 17(b)]

Eredetiség határa[edit]

Egyszerű látképet ábrázoló fotók és mozifilmek jogvédelme az első közzétételt követő 5. évig tart.[9/1968 Article 20]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. a b Libya Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
  2. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Act1968
  3. Copyright Protection Law of Libya (Libyan Law No. (9) for 1968]
  4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EE-SA
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "Law1968" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Morocco

Marokkó

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Morocco relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Morocco must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Morocco and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Morocco, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Governing laws[edit]

In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier. It regained independence in 1956.

Morocco has been a member of the Berne Convention since 16 June 1917, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 20 July 2011.[1]

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights (promulgated by Dahir No. 1-00-20 of 9 Kaada 1420 (February 15, 2000)) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Morocco.[1] This law was modified by Dahir No. 1-05-192 of 15 Moharrem 1427 (14 February 2006) enacting Law No. 34-05 amending and supplementing Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights.[1] WIPO holds the text of the law as amended in 2006 in their WIPO Lex database.[2]

The 2006 law replaced and repealed Dahir No. 1-69-135 of 25 joumada I 1390 (July 29, 1970), relating to the protection of literary and artistic works.[1-05-192/2006 Art.71] It was not retroactive, and does not apply to works that had already entered the public domain.[1-05-192/2006 Art.69] The protection term under Dahir No. 1-69-135 was 50 years.[3]

General rules[edit]

Under Moroccan Law as amended 2006,

  • Except where otherwise specified below, economic rights in a work are protected during the author’s lifetime and for 70 years after his death.[1-05-192/2006 Art.25]
  • A collaborative work is protected during the lifetime of the last surviving author and for 70 years after his death.[1-05-192/2006 Art.26]
  • A work published anonymously or under a pseudonym is protected for 70 years from the year when it was first published or, where this has not occurred in the 50 years since the work was created, 70 years from the year when it was made available to the public or, where this has not occurred in the 50 years since production, 70 years from the year of creation.[1-05-192/2006 Art.27]
  • A collective or audiovisual work is protected for a period of 70 years from the year when it was first published or, where this has not occurred in the 50 years since it was created, 70 years from the year when it was made available to the public or, where this has not occurred in the 70 years since creation, 70 years from the year of creation.[1-05-192/2006 Art.28]
  • A work of applied art is protected for 70 years from the year when it was lawfully published for the first time, or where this has not occurred in the 50 years since creation, 70 years from the year of creation.[1-05-192/2006 Art.29]

In the above, any deadline expires at the end of the calendar year during which it would normally lapse.[1-05-192/2006 Art.30]

Expressions of folklore: not free[edit]

Lásd még: Commons:Paying public domain

"Expressions of folklore" means productions of elements characteristic of the traditional artistic heritage developed and preserved on the territory of the Kingdom of Morocco by a community or by individuals recognized as meeting the traditional artistic expectations of this community and comprising: popular tales, popular poetry and mysteries; songs and popular instrumental music; popular dances and shows; productions of the popular arts such as drawings, paintings, sculptures, terracottas, potteries, mosaics, works on wood, metallic objects, jewels, textiles, costumes.[1-05-192/2006 Art.1(10)]

Expressions of folklore shall be protected for the following uses, where those uses have a commercial aim or lie outside the conventional or customary framework: reproduction; communication to the public through representation, performance, broadcasting or cable transmission, or any other means; adaptation, translation or any other modification; fixation of expressions of folklore.[1-05-192/2006 Art.7(1)] The right to authorize the acts referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall belong to the Moroccan Copyright Office.[1-05-192/2006 Art.7(4)] The sums received in relation to this Article shall be allocated for professional purposes and to cultural development.[1-05-192/2006 Art.7(5)]

Copyright tags[edit]

  • {{PD-Morocco}} – All works are protected for 70 years after the author's death.
  • {{PD-Morocco-exempt}} – Works not subject to copyright under Article 8 of the Law No. 34‐05 on Copyright and Related Rights.
  • {{Data.gov.ma}} – Works published on Data.gov.ma, the government's open data portal

Freedom of panorama[edit]

  : non-commercial only if work is the main subject of the image: {{NoFoP-Morocco}}

"It shall be permitted, without the author’s authorization or payment of a fee, to republish, broadcast or communicate to the public by cable an image of a work of architecture, a work of fine art, a photographic work, or a work of applied art which is permanently located in a place open to the public, unless the image of the work is the main subject of such a reproduction, broadcast or communication and if it is used for commercial purposes".[1-05-192/2006 Art.20]

Note: all images of works on Commons must be commercially usable; the exception only permits commercial use if the copyrighted work is not the main subject of the reproduction.

Not protected[edit]

Works that fit the following criteria are not protected under Moroccan copyright law:

  • (a) official texts of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature, nor to their official translations;
  • (b) current events;
  • (c) ideas, processes, systems, operating methods, concepts, principles, discoveries or simple data, even if these are stated, described, explained, illustrated or incorporated in a work."[1-00-20 Art.8]

De minimis[edit]

"It shall be permitted, without the author’s authorization or payment of a fee, to republish, broadcast or communicate to the public by cable an image of a work of architecture, a work of fine art, a photographic work, or a work of applied art which is permanently located in a place open to the public, unless the image of the work is the main subject of such a reproduction, broadcast or communication and if it is used for commercial purposes".[1-05-192/2006 Art.20]

Threshold of originality[edit]

Moroccan copyright law defines a work as an "original intellectual creations in the literary and artistic field".[1-00-20 Art.3] The law also specifies that protection is "independent from the mode or form of expression, nor the quality or purpose of the work".[1-00-20 Art.3] This implies that, while present, the TOO in Morocco would be somewhat low.

See also some previous discussions:


See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. a b c Morocco Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
  2. Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights (promulgated by Dahir No. 1-00-20 of 9 Kaada 1420 (February 15, 2006)). Morocco (2006). Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
  3. Dahir No. 1-69-135. Bulletin Officiel, Royaume du Maroc. 7 October 1970
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Melilla

Melilla

Other region, e.g. dependency, union, former country

Melilla elhelyezkedése Marokkó és Spanyolország többi része között

Melilla egy spanyol autonóm város Afrika északi partján, Marokkó határán. Ceuta Spanyolország részeként az Európai Unióhoz tartozik.

A Melillából származó művekre a spanyol szerzői jogi szabályozás érvényes.

Licencsablonok[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#TAG

Pénz[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#CUR

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#FOP

Bélyegek[edit]

További információ: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Spain#Stamps

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Sudan

Szudán

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Sudan relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Sudan must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Sudan and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Sudan, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Háttér[edit]

In 1898 the British defeated the Mahdist State and began to govern Sudan jointly with Egypt. Sudan obtained self-government in 1953 and full independence on 1 January 1956.

Sudan has been a member of the Berne Convention since 28 December 2000.[1]

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection Act 1996 as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Sudan.[1] WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.[2]

Általános szabályok[edit]

Under the 1996 Act,

  • The protection of economic rights in a work shall last during the author’s life and 50 years after his death.[1996 Section 13(2)]
  • The term of protection shall last 25 years from the date of publication of the following works:
    • photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works.[1996 Section 13(3a)]
    • works which are published for the first time after the author’s death.[1996 Section 13(3b)]
    • works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously; the term starts to run from the date of first publication.[1996 Section 13(3c)]
  • In relation to a joint work the period shall start to run from the date of death of the last surviving author.[1996 Section 13(4)]

Government works[edit]

Under the 1996 law copyright does not extend to state emblems and symbols or official documents.[1996 Section 6] "Official documents" means the official documents issued by the State or its institution, corporation or unit and which, by virtue of their specialization, are issued for publication to the public, including laws, Presidential or administrative orders, international agreements and judicial judgments, but not including military documents, secret agreements and deliberations of secret sessions in courts or legislative bodies".[1996 Section 3]

Folklore: not free[edit]

Lásd még: Commons:Paying public domain

National folklore of the Sudanese community is deemed to be the property of the State. The State represented by the Ministry of Culture and Information, shall endeavor to protect works of folklore by all legal ways and means, and shall exercise the rights of an author in cases of mutilation, transformation and commercial exploitation.[1996 Section 7]

Licencsablonok[edit]

Currency[edit]

  •  : Banknote designs before 18 December 1996
  •   : Banknote designs on or after 18 December 1996

Sudan's first copyright law entered into force on 18 December 1996 and did not extend protection to works already in the public domain. Banknotes issued before this date are therefore in the public domain in Sudan. Because these banknotes were in the public domain in Sudan before it joined the Berne Convention (28 December 2000), they are also in the public domain in the United States and may be uploaded to Commons.

The status of banknote designs released after 18 December 1996 is unclear. Under Sudanese copyright law, "official documents" are in the public domain, but banknotes may not fall under the definition of "official documents". If that definition does not include banknotes, then banknotes will be protected for 50 years after the death of the last contributing author.

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

   Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996, article 14 covers restrictions on copyright, i.e. cases where copyright protection does not apply. It states that "newspapers, magazines, periodicals, radio and television may: ... (c) publish or convey any photograph taken on the occasion of a public event or a photograph concerning an official or famous person; in all such cases the title of the work reproduced and the name of its author shall be mentioned." However, this does not allow other uses of photographs, e.g. for outdoor advertising, so would not be acceptable for Commons.

See also[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. a b Sudan Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
  2. Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection Act 1996. Sudan (1996). Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Tunisia

Tunézia

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Tunisia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Tunisia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Tunisia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Tunisia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Background[edit]

The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained full independence on 20 March 1956.

Tunisia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 5 December 1887 and the World Trade Organization since 29 March 1995.[1]

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 94-36 of February 24, 1994, on Literary and Artistic Property as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Tunisia.[1] WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.[2] This was amended by Law No. 2009-33 of 23 June 2009 amending and supplementing Law No. 94 36 of 24 February 1994 on literary and artistic property.[3]

General rules[edit]

According to the 1994 law as amended in 2009,

  • Protection of the rights of the author lasts during his entire life, the remainder of the year of his death and 50 years, as from January first of the year following that of his death.[2009-33 Article 18]
  • For works of collaboration, protection lasts during 50 years as from the first of January of the year following that of the death of the last co-author.[2009-33 Article 18]
  • For anonymous or pseudonymous works, protection lasts 50 years as from the first of January of the year following that of the first publication of work.[2009-33 Article 18]
  • For works published after the author death, protection lasts 50 years as from January first of the year following that of the first publication of work.[2009-33 Article 18]
  • The protection of the pecuniary rights of the author for photographic works lasts 50 years as from the date of realization of work.[2009-33 Article 19]
  • The duration of protection of the pecuniary rights of cinematographic or audio-visual works is 50 years as from the first licit public representation of work. In the absence of representation, the duration of this protection is fifty years as from the date of realization of the first copy of reference.[2009-33 Article 42bis]

Before 5 July 2009, a photographic work was protected for 25 years from creation. Pictures taken before July 5, 1984 have already been placed into the public domain.

Folklore: not free[edit]

Lásd még: Commons:Paying public domain

Folklore forms part of the national heritage and any transcription of folklore with a view to exploitation for profit shall require authorization from the Ministry responsible for culture against payment of a fee for the benefit of the welfare fund of the Copyright Protection Agency. Authorization from the Ministry responsible for culture shall also be required for the production of works inspired by folklore for the full or partial assignment of copyright in a work inspired by folklore or for an exclusive license with respect to such work. Folklore within the meaning of this Law shall be any artistic heritage bequeathed by preceding generations and bound up with customs and traditions and any aspect of folk creation such as folk stories, writings, music and dance.[94-36/1994 Article 7]

Copyright tags[edit]

{{PD-Tunisia}}

The Tunisian law n°94-36 of February 24, 1994 on literary and artistic property stipulates that:

  • Copyright shall subsist for the lifetime of the author and for 50 Gregorian years counted from January 1 of the year following the author's death…
  • In the case of works of joint authorship, the date of the death of the last surviving author…
  • In the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works, copyright shall subsist for 50 years as from the date on which the work has been lawfully made available to the public…
  • In the case of photographic works, copyright shall only subsist for 25 Gregorian years as from the year during which the work was made.

Freedom of panorama[edit]

  {{FoP-Tunisia}}

Allowed uses without permission include "the reproduction or communication of a work of architecture or fine arts, or of a work of the applied arts or a photographic work, when it is located permanently in a public place, except for the museums, art galleries or any artistic heritage bequeathed by the former generations.[2009-33 Article 10(g)]

See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. a b Tunisia Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  2. Law No. 94-36 of February 24, 1994, on Literary and Artistic Property. Tunisia (1994). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  3. Law No. 2009-33 of 23 June 2009 amending and supplementing Law No. 94 36 of 24 February 1994 on literary and artistic property. Tunisia (2009). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat