File:Averages (%) of foods containing appropriate phosphorus levels (to achieve adequate phosphorus intake) based on the proposed method in food groups.pdf

English: Averages (%) of foods containing appropriate phosphorus levels (to achieve adequate phosphorus intake) based on the proposed method in food groups. All high phosphorus (excellent source of phosphorus) and phosphorus source (good source of phosphorus) foods, excluding high phosphorus and phosphorus source baby foods, are based on the reference energy intake of 2,000 kcal for adults and children aged 4 years and older. High phosphorus and phosphorus source baby foods are based on the reference energy intake of 1,000 kcal for children 1 through 3 years of age.

About 97.2% of foods contained phosphorus. On the basis of the proposed method, the average (%) of foods containing appropriate phosphorus levels in food groups was 39.68%, of which 33.53% was the average of phosphorus source (good source of phosphorus) foods, and 6.15% was the average of high phosphorus (excellent source of phosphorus) foods. Finfish and shellfish products with 91.7%, pork products with 87.43%, beef products with 85.7%, lamb, veal, and game products with 83.77%, poultry products with 82.08%, fast foods with 61.42%, dairy and egg products with 60.36%, restaurant foods with 58.7%, legumes and legume products with 53.02%, American Indian/Alaska Native foods with 51.54%, and nut and seed products with 48.15% had the highest averages of foods containing appropriate phosphorus levels. Foods containing appropriate phosphorus levels were not found in two food groups (fats and oils; spices and herbs) and were very few in two food groups (fruits and fruit juices; vegetables and vegetable products).

Suggested citation: Forouzesh, Abed; Forouzesh, Fatemeh; Samadi Foroushani, Sadegh; Forouzesh, Abolfazl. A new method for calculating phosphorus content and determining appropriate phosphorus levels in foods. SSRN 2022. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4133515