Translations:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Consolidated list Eastern Asia/2/hu

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Kína

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of the People's Republic of China relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in China must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both China and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from China, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Different legal regimes and copyright terms apply in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, and in Taiwan.

Háttér[edit]

China has been independent for centuries, first as an empire and then since 1912 as a republic. Hong Kong was ceded to Britain in 1842, and in 1 July 1997 was returned to China as a special administrative region. In 1887 Portugal gained rights to Macao, which was returned to China as a special administrative region in 1999. The Japanese seized Manchuria in 1931 and created the puppet state of Manchukuo. This was returned to China in 1946.

After the Chinese Civil War the government of the Republic of China fled to Taiwan in 1949, but continued to claim to be the legitimate government of mainland China. The mainland People's Republic of China does not recognise the legitimacy of the Republic of China, and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The same copyright rules apply to mainland China and Taiwan up to 1949.

China has been a member of the Berne Convention since 15 October 1992, the Universal Copyright Convention since 30 October 1992, the World Trade Organization since 11 December 2001 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 9 June 2007.

[1]

As of 2021 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (as amended up to the Decision of November 11, 2020, of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of China. For the time being, the WIPO Lex database only holds its Chinese edition.[1] Wikisource has a Chinese version and an English translation.

[2][3][4]

Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China is retroactive.

The rights of copyright owners, publishers, performers, producers of sound recordings and video recordings, radio stations and television stations as provided in this Law, of which the term of protection specified in this Law has not yet expired on the date of this Law's entry into force, shall be protected in accordance with this Law.[1990 Art.55][5]

Általános szabályok[edit]

According to the 2020 Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China,

  • A work created by a natural person when fulfilling the tasks assigned to him by a legal entity or another unincorporated organization shall be deemed to be a service work. Unless otherwise provided in Paragraph 2 of this Article, the copyright of such a work shall be enjoyed by the author, but the legal entity or unincorporated organization shall have a priority right to exploit the work within the scope of its professional activities....[2020 Art.18]
  • The rights of authorship, alteration and integrity of an author shall be unlimited in time.[2020 Art.22]
  • The term of protection for the right of publication ... in respect of a work of a citizen shall be the lifetime of the author and fifty years after his death, and expires on 31 December of the fiftieth year after the death of the author.[2020 Art.23]
  • In the case of a work of joint authorship, such term shall expire on 31 December of the fiftieth year after the death of the last surviving author.[2020 Art.23]
  • For a work of a legal person or an unincorporated organization, and a work for hire whose copyright (excluding right of signature) is owned by a legal person or an unincorporated organization, the protection period for its right of publication shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the creation of the work; and the protection period for its rights shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the first publication of the work, but if a work has not been published within 50 years after the completion of the creation, it shall no longer be protected by this Law.[2020 Art.23]
  • For an audiovisual work, the protection period for its right of publication shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the creation of the work; and the protection period for its rights shall be 50 years, ending on December 31 of the 50th year after the first publication of the work, but if a work has not been published within 50 years after the completion of the creation, it shall no longer be protected by this Law.[2020 Art.23]

According to the Implementing Regulations of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China:[6]

  • Article 13: In the case of a work of an unknown author, the copyright, except the right of authorship, shall be exercised by the lawful holder of the original copy of the work. Where the author has been identified, the copyright shall be exercised by the author or his heir in title.
  • Article 16: The using of copyright enjoyed by the State shall be managed by the State Council copyright administration departments.
  • Article 17: In the case of posthumous works, the right of publication may be exercised by the author's heir in title or other behested beneficiary within a period of 50 years, unless the author expressly had stated otherwise. In the absence of an heir in title or other behested beneficiary, the said right shall be exercised by the lawful holder of the original copy of the work.
  • Article 18: In the case of a work of an unknown author, the protection term in relation to the rights as mentioned by item 5 to item 17 of first paragraph of Article 10 of the Law shall be 50 years ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the work. Article 21 of the Law shall be applicable after the author of the work has been identified.

According to the Part IV Personality Rights, Chapter IV Portraiture Right, Article 1019 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, any organizations or peoples are not permitted to violate portraiture rights of other peoples by smear, stain, counterfeit by using information technology or else ways. No making, using and publishing of portrait owners' images are allowed without their consent, unless permitted by other laws. The copyright owners of portraint works are also not allowed to use or disclosure by releasing, copying, distributing, hiring, exhibiting or other ways without their consent. Portraiture rights provisions mentioned above are non-copyright restrictions.

[7]

There were some discussions about the copyright situations of the works of Communist Party of China, a de facto consensus on Chinese Wikisource (see s:zh:Template:PD-PRC-CPC) considered that, based on the Criminal Justice Reference guiding cases №. 680, CPC works may considered as in Public Domain per Article 5 if they are published by central organizations of CPC, such as National Congress, Central Committee and their subordinate bodies. If not published by central organizations, then CPC works may considered as copyrighted.

Nem védett művek[edit]

According to the 2020 Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, this Law shall not be applicable to: (1) laws, regulations, resolutions, decisions and orders of state organs; other documents of legislative, administrative or judicial nature; and their official translations; (2) simple factual information; and (3) calendars, numerical tables, forms of general use and formulas.[2020 Art.5]

Terms[edit]

Individual works[edit]

Date of author's death Date of publication Copyright tag
– 1973. december 31. – 1928. december 31. {{PD-China-expired}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}}
{{PD-China-expired}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
– 1945. december 31. 1929. január 1. – {{PD-China-1996}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996}}
{{PD-China-1996}}{{PD-old-auto-1996|country=China|deathyear=death year}}
Others The work is still protected under China law and/or URAA.

Anonymous, Pseudonymous or Cooperative works[edit]

If the author of the work is unveiled during its copyright term, it is protected as an individual work.

Date of publication Copyright tag
December 31, 1928 {{PD-China-expired}} + {{PD-anon-expired}}
{{PD-China-expired}}{{PD-anon-expired}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945 {{PD-China-1996}} + {{PD-anon-auto-1996}}
{{PD-China-1996}}{{PD-anon-auto-1996|country=China|publication=year}}
Others The work is still protected under China law and/or URAA.

Photographs[edit]

Date of creation Date of publication Copyright tag
– December 31, 1928 – December 31, 1928 {{PD-China-expired}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}}
{{PD-China-expired}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945 Unpublished {{PD-China-1996}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996}}
{{PD-China-1996}}{{PD-old-auto-1996|country=China|deathyear=death year}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945
January 1, 1996 –
Others The work is still protected under China law and/or URAA.

Exceptions[edit]


Licencsablonok[edit]

  • {{PD-China}} – a Kínai Népköztársaság és Tajvan által is közkincsnek tekintett képek számára.
  • {{PD-China-film}} – A Kínai Népköztársaság által legalább 50 évesnek tekintett mozifilmek vagy mozifilmek állóképei számára.
  • {{PD-Empire of China Government Gazette}} – for the Government Gazette from May January to March 1916 (Hongxian Year 1) by the Empire of China.
  • {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}} – A Kínában közkincsnek tekintett Manchukuo bélyegek számára.
People's Republic of China
Republic of China

Works with these tags may be published before or after 1949 within the jurisdiction of the Republic of China:

Older (1912–1949) works published within the jurisdiction of the Republic of China

Cheque[edit]

  {{PD-shape}} for cheques with simple designs. However, many Chinese cheques have security features that exceed threshold of originality and therefore   .

Pénz[edit]

  . The design of renminbi is exceeding the threshold of originality of China and there is no apparent evidence that renminbi designs are in public domain.

However, for currencies that are in circulation, there are some non-copyright restrictions. The use of Renminbi designs is subject to approval. According to the Measures for the Administration of the Use of Renminbi Designs (人民币图样使用管理办法) (amended in 2019)[8]:

  • Article 4 The use of Renminbi designs are not permitted for ceremonial, lifestyle and finance bill purposes;
  • Article 6 The use of Renminbi designs are administrated territorially, and every use cases shall be approved one by one. The People's Bank of China, to which their headquarter is located in Shanghai, as well as their branches, business management departs, sub-branches of the capitals of provinces, and centre bank of PBC in Shenzhen, are the approval authorities of Renminbi use cases. The local branches of PBC are acceptance agencies of applications of cases.
  • Article 9 The use of Renminbi designs should follow the following terms:
    • Only one paper face by one picture;
    • No harms of Renminbi images, national interests and public interests are allowed;
    • Will not let the public consider mistakenly as the Renminbi itself;

...

  for those with expired copyright.

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

In general,   , with attribution {{FoP-China}}, for outdoor and indoor works (since June 2021 with the 2020 amendment of the copyright law allowing indoor works[9]) but Warning sign practically may be problematic with regards to images of 2D works like murals and permanent outdoor paintings (reference: Commons:Deletion requests/File:Mao Zedong portrait.jpg). To summarize:

  •   for architecture,
  •   for 3D works like sculptures (and possibly things like handicrafts, ceramics, and tiles), and
  • generally    for 2D works like murals and outdoor paintings, unless their presences in images are not being main subjects.

The reproduction of artistic, architectural, or applied artwork, is covered under the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, which allows reproduction of works in an outdoor public place if the author and the name of the original work is attributed.

  • Article 24: In the following cases, a work may be exploited without the permission from, and without payment of remuneration to, the copyright owner, provided that the name or designation of the author and the title of the work are mentioned and the normal use of the work, or unreasonably damage the lawful rights and interests of the copyright owner shall not be affected:
    (10) copying, drawing, photographing, or video recording of an artistic work located or on display in a public place;...
    The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to restrictions on copyright-related rights.

The "Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China" (2020) Article 24, clause 10 states that:

[A] work may be exploited without the permission from, and without payment of remuneration to, the copyright owner, provided that the name or designation of the author and the title of the work are mentioned and the normal use of the work, or unreasonably damage the lawful rights and interests of the copyright owner shall not be affected:
copying, drawing, photographing, or video recording of an artistic work located or on display in a public place

Regulations and court decisions regarding to freedom of panorama:

The following examples are  :

  • Photos of the May Wind sculpture. Shandong Province Higher People's Court ruled in a civil case that the usage of an image of this sculpture as a wallpaper in cellphones by a cellphone manufacturer is permissible. China's Supreme Court later on endorsed this ruling.
Some limitations to the Chinese freedom of panorama as ruled by courts
  • The Chinese FOP provision can hardly apply to works temporarily displayed in public places according to the reply by Supreme People's Court in 1995, which stated that works displayed only during the festival cannot be considered as "an artistic work located or on display in a public place".
  • More recently, however, Chongqing Yuzhong District People's Court ruled in 2016 that the use of a photo of an outdoor sculpture on postcards for sale (commercial use without attribution) to be an infringement of the sculpture creator's rights (source: [9][10]). Note that the judge applied criteria pertaining to "fair use", including the purpose of reuse, the nature of use, and the consequences of use. Regarding the nature of use, the judge comments, "in this case, the photo contained in the 'Folklore Heritage' postcard issued by the advertising company is a full-body frontal photo of the sculpture of the 'Ciqikou night watchman', which is featured prominently in the picture and is the main vehicle for the postcard to express the design theme of 'Folklore Heritage', so this kind of use is not incidental."
  • Regarding 2D works like outdoor paintings permanently installed in public spaces and murals, a recent court case by Beijing IP court (2020) gave a negative decision: "The Court believes that the general use of 2D art works by copyright owners is relatively simple, that is, copying works, creating derivative works on the basis of the original works for commercial use or authorizing others to do so. If a 2D art work is displayed in a public place, others can freely use it for commercial purposes after photographing, drawing or copying, the licensing and copyright owner's income will be seriously threatened, then the normal use of the work will be affected and the legitimate rights and interests enjoyed by the copyright owner will be prejudiced."
See also: Category:Chinese FOP cases.

Eredetiség határa[edit]

China has a relatively low threshold of originality standard; basic designs may be copyrightable. One of the most noticeable cases is the logo of a company named Gang Heng (listed below) ruled by China's supreme court as copyrighted (see below).

The following examples are  :

  • "Matchstick man" (image) with a black sphere as a head, black lines as torso, limbs and feet is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality (source).
  • Five SKECHERS logos (image) are not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality in 2020 (final judgement and related news coverage).
  • "BIOU" logo (image), with letter "b" and "o", and a small barcode in the upper right corner, is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality in 2018 (final judgement and related articles [11] [12]). Note that the logo was initially ruled as copyrightable by the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board and a lower court.
  • "KON" logo (see below), with three black bars crossed together, is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled Beijing Dongcheng District People's Court in 2019 (final judgement and news coverage).
  • "Chao Qun" logo (see below), is not copyrightable for lacking originality, ruled China's Supreme People's Court in 2012 (original judgment by the Court). The court asserted that the expression does not show the existence of a unique style; there are only subtle differences when compared to the common Seal script and Clerical script, the "Chao Qun" logo does not reach a certain creative height, and does not have originality.

The following examples are  Not OK:

are copyrighted (Copyright Law of the PR China: "Article 2 Works of Chinese citizens, legal entities or other organizations, whether published or not, shall enjoy copyright in accordance with this Law." ; "Article 3 'Works' mentioned in this Law shall include [...] in the following forms: (4) works of fine art and architecture" ; Regulations for the Implementation: "Article 4 (8) 'works of fine arts' means [...] such as paintings, works of calligraphy and sculptures;")
  • Handwriting: a hand-written manuscript was deemed copyrightable as work of art, according to a decision made by Nanjing Intermediate People's Court in 2017 (sources: [13] [14], Final judgement).
  • "LY" company logo (alternative link; archived from the original), although arguably relatively simple, has been ruled copyrightable by Trademark Appeal Board of the State Administration of Industry & Commerce, Beijing Intellectual Property Court, and Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality.
  • Typefaces of characters "笑", "喜", and "城市宝贝" in these two logos are copyrightable, ruled Nanjing Intermediate People's Court in 2012. However the character "巴" in the same logo was decided not copyrightable for lacking originality in the same decision. (source, court decision full text: Final judgement)
  • Gang Heng logo: China's Supreme People's Court ruled this logo to be protected by copyright in 2014 (original judgment by the Court; related news coverage).
  • Dyneema logo (in this article): China's Supreme People's Court ruled this logo to be protected by copyright in 2017 (original judgment by the Court).
  • K2 Sports logo as shown in the image below is eligible for copyright protection, determined during trademark adjudication proceedings in 2010 (source).

Signatures[edit]

 Not OK: According to the laws of the People's Republic of China, whether a work is protected by copyright, that is contingent on the originality (, literally "independent creativity"). Works having originality are protected and the copyright held by their authors ("Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2020) Article 15: "A work created by compilation shall refer to the work which is compiled of some works, fragments of works or the data or other materials not constituting a work, and the choice or layout of the contents of which embodies the original creation. The copyright of the compilation work shall be enjoyed by the compiler, provided that the exercise of such copyright does not infringe upon the copyright of the pre-existing works included in the compilation.") The signatures are commonly created independently rather than imitatively.

The signatures by the Chinese people containing Chinese characters may be considered as Chinese calligraphy works, and thus defined as artwork (, or translated as "works of fine arts") and protected by law ("Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2002) Article 4: "(8) 'works of fine arts' means two- or three-dimensional works of the plastic arts created in lines, colours or other media which impart aesthetic effect, such as paintings, works of calligraphy and sculptures;"). In a typical case, Dow Jones & Company had used a calligraphy "" written by calligrapher Guan Dongsheng. In 2003, Guan Dongsheng won his court action against the company, ruling by the Beijing First Intermediate People's Court. The artwork can be seen here.

Exceptions OK:

  • If a signature is originally from documents of legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, it is in the public domain (see {{PD-PRC-exempt}}).
  • Signatures whose author died more than 50 years ago are in the public domain.
  • If the work is not a handwritten signature, but was instead created using standard, common typefaces of Ming, Sans-serif, or Regular script, it may be in the public domain. However, the vector glyphs in computer fonts may still be copyrighted.

Stamps[edit]

Rövidítése

Lásd még: Commons:Bélyegek

As mentioned elsewhere (see Manchukuo and Wang Jingwei regime CRT pages), stamps issued by the government of Manchukuo, or the Wang Jingwei regime are nowadays in public domain, as both are considered as puppet regimes by Chinese Government, and hence never recognized their copyright status.

Pending informations, but in normal cases  Not OK for nearly all non-Manchukuo, non-Wang-regime stamps in China, because in most cases, the dates of birth of authors of those stamps are not publicly known, unless if that's issued before Jan 1, 1929 which is a {{PD-anon-expired}} case, we should de facto judge them as copyrighted by China Post or its affiliates (e.g. Beijing Stamp Factory).[7]

In rare cases, if the dates of birth of authors of some individual stamps are known, those can enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.

See also[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. a b China Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2021). Retrieved on 2021-11-08.
  2. Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China (as amended up to the Decision of February 26, 2010, by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China). China (2010). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  3. 中华人民共和国著作权法 (2010年) Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2010)
  4. Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2010)
  5. 中华人民共和国著作权法 (1990年) Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (1990)
  6. 中华人民共和国著作权法实施条例 Implementing Regulations of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China
  7. a b 中华人民共和国民法典 Civil Code of the People's Republic of China
  8. People's Bank of China. 人民币图样使用管理办法. China Banknote Priting and Minting Corp.
  9. 中华人民共和国著作权法 (2020年) Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2020)
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Hong Kong

Hongkong

Other region, e.g. dependency, union, former country

A lap összefoglalja a hongkongi szerzői jogi szabályozásnak a Commons szempontjából releváns részét. A feltöltendő fájlnak mind Észak-Macedóniában, mind az Egyesült Államokban közkincsnek vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie. Kétség esetén a területi jogszabályok az irányadók.

Jogszabályok[edit]

Hongkong 1842-től brit gyarmat, 1997. július 1-je óta pedig újra Kína különleges jogállásó területe.

Hongkong 1995. január 1-je óta a Kereskedelmi Világszervezet tagja.

[1][2]

A 2018-as adatok szerint az ENSZ Szellemi Jogi Világszervezete (WIPO) Hongkong szerzői jogának tekintetében a Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016) törvényt tekinti irányadónak,[1] melynek szövege megtalálható a WIPO Lex adatbázisban.[3] A törvény hagyományos kínai és angol nyelvi változatai a Hong Kong eLegislation oldalán is olvashatóak.[4][5]

Általános szabályok[edit]

A Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016) szerint:

  • Irodalmi, színpadi, zenei vagy művészeti alkotások védelme az alkotó halála évének végétől számított 50. esztendőig tart.[528/2016 Section 17(2)]
  • Ha az alkotás szerzője ismeretlen, akkor a védelem a létrehozástól, a nyilvánosságra hozataltól, vagy az első elérhetőségtől számított 50. évig tart.[528/2016 Section 17(3)]
  • Ha a művet számítógéppel hozták létre, akkor védelme a létrehozástól számított 50. évig tart.[528/2016 Section 17(6)]
  • Közös munka eredményeképp létrejött alkotások jogvédelme az utoljára elhunyt szerző halálától számítandó.[528/2016 Section 17(7)]
  • A fentiek nem érvényesek a kormányzati vagy törvényhozói szerzői jog által védett művekre (lásd a 182–184 közötti szakaszokat), valamint a 188-as szakasz szerinti alkotásokra (bizonyos nemzetközi szervezetek művei).[528/2016 Section 17(8)]
  • Hangfelvételek szerzői jogi védelme a rögzítés évének végétől számított 50. esztendőig áll fenn; ha a művet ez idő alatt kiadták, akkor a védelmi idő az első közzétételtől számítandó.[528/2016 Section 18(2)]
  • Filmek jogvédelme a rendező, forgatókönyvíró, szövegíró és zeneszerző halálától számított 50. évig tart.[528/2016 Section 19(2)]

Kormányzati jogvédelem[edit]

A Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016) rendelet szerint:

  • Ha egy alkotást kormányzati tisztviselő készített munkaidejében, akkor annak elsődleges jogtulajdonosa a kormány.[528/2016 Section 182(1)]
  • Egy kormányzati alkotás jogvédelme a létrehozástól számított 125 évig tart; ha a művet a létrejöttétől számított 75 éven belül közzétették, akkor a publikációtól számított 50 évig jogvédett.[528/2016 Section 182(3)]

Törvényhozói jogvédelem[edit]

A Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016) alapján:

  • Ha egy mű a törvényhozó tanács által vagy megrendelésére készült, akkor az alkotás jogvédett, és az azzal kapcsolatos jogokkal a testület rendelkezik.[528/2016 Section 184(1)]
  • A testület tulajdonában álló irodalmi, színpadi, zenei vagy művészeti alkotások a létrehozás évének végétől számított 50. esztendőig jogvédettek.[528/2016 Section 184(3)]
  • A szakasz szerinti törvényhozói alkotásokba tartoznak: (a) a testület munkatársa által munkaidejében készült művek; (b) a testület munkájához kapcsolódó hangfelvételek, filmek és élő közvetítések. Egy mű csak akkor tartozik ezen kategóriába, ha azt a testület által vagy annak megbízásából készült.[528/2016 Section 184(4)]

Licencsablonok[edit]

Pénz[edit]

A Büntető Törvénykönyv 200-as fejezetének 103(1) szakasza szerint a valuta engedély nélküli reprodukciója tiltott; a megszegőket hat hónap börtönbüntetésre és húszezer dollár megfizetésére ítélhetik.

Megjegyzendő, hogy a 103-as szakasz nem engedi a más célokra használandó további másolatok engedélykérés nélküli reprodukcióját, így a harmadik fél általi másolatok képeinek használata nem megengedett. A szabály szerint a digitális másolatok (amelyek természetüknél fogva lehetővé teszik a további reprodukciót) elkészítését a pénzügyi hatóság valószínűleg nem engedélyezi, ezáltal az ilyen képek a Commonsra nem tölthetőek fel.

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

  Háromdimenziós alkotások esetén; kétdimenziós műveknél nem minden esetben. {{FoP-Hong Kong}}

A Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016) alapján megengedett nyilvános helyeken állandó jelleggel megtalálható épületek, szobrok, épületmodellek és kézműves alkotások grafikus módon, fotózással vagy adásban történő közlésével történő reprodukciója.

Mivel Hongkong 1997-ig brit gyarmat volt, a jogszabályok az ottani törvényeken alapszanak; ha egy esettel kapcsolatban a hongkongi jog nem rendelkezik, akkor a brit szabályozás az irányadó. További információk: Commons:Szerzői jogi szabályok területenként/Egyesült Királyság

A brit joghoz hasonlóan a kézműves és grafikai alkotások definíciója eltérő; az utóbbi kategóriába tartoznak a festmények, rajzok, diagramok, térképek, grafikonok, tervek, karcolatok, rézkarcok, kőnyomatok, famunkák és hasonló művek. A 71-es szakasz szerinti panorámaszabadság az előbbieknek megfelelően a nyilvános helyen található poszterekre és térképekre nem érvényes.

Eredetiség határa[edit]

   A legtöbb logó esetén; a megkövetelt eredetiség határa nagyon alacsony.

Mivel Hongkong 1997-ig brit gyarmat volt, a jogszabályok az ottani törvényeken alapszanak; ha egy esettel kapcsolatban a hongkongi jog nem rendelkezik, akkor a brit szabályozás az irányadó. További információk: the United Kingdom

Stamps[edit]

The Hongkong Post, as a government department of Hong Kong, owns the intellectual property of stamps released by them.

Because Hong Kong was a territory of the United Kingdom until 1997, Hong Kong law is modeled on UK law, and in the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be similar. See the United Kingdom for more details.

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. a b Hong Kong, China Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  2. Application of the Berne Convention, with effect from July 1, 1997, to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (July 10, 1997). Retrieved on 2020-06-23.
  3. Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of May 27, 2016). Hong Kong (2016). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  4. Cap 528 Sect 71, Copyright Ordinance
  5. in traditional Chinese
  6. Fact sheets. Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved on 2019-03-24.
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Japan

Japán

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Japan relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Japan must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Japan and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from the Japan, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Governing laws[edit]

Japan has been a member of the Berne Convention since 15 July 1899, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.[1] As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Japan.[1] WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.[2] In December 2018, the Agency for Cultural Affairs announced that the copyright term has been extended from 50 years to 70 years after the author's death, complying with the agreement of the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[3] This doesn't affect the work that has already been in public domain before 30 December 2018.

Durations[edit]

Under the Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 30 of May 25, 2018),

  • Copyright subsists for the life of the author plus 70 years.[35/1970-2018 Art. 51]
  • If the work is anonymous or pseudonymous, the copyright lasts for 70 years after the publication or the death of the author, whichever is the earlier.[35/1970-2018 Art. 52]
  • Cooperative works: 70 years from first publication (or creation if unpublished).[35/1970-2018 Art. 53]
  • The copyright of a work in the name of an organization expires 70 years after publication, or 70 years after the creation if the work is not published within 70 years after creation.[1899-1931 Art. 53]
  • The preceding provision shall not apply when the author registers the work to the copyright office while the protection period specified in the preceding provision.[1899-1931 Art. 53.2]
  • For audio recordings, the term is 70 years after publication. See {{PD-Japan-audio}} for details.
  • The copyright period has been extended from 50 years to 70 years in 2018. Works whose copyright has expired before the effective date are not affected.
  • Since June 18, 2003, cinematographic works are exceptionally protected for 70 years, instead of 50 years, after the publication, or 70 years after the creation if the film is not published within 70 years of the creation.[1899-1931 Art. 54]
    • 38 years after the creator's death if it was published as his work before 1971.[1899-1931 Art. 22-3][1899-1969 Art. 3][4]
    • All films produced in Japan prior to 1953 and directed by a person who died more than 38 years ago are in the public domain. See template {{PD-Japan-film}} for details.
  • Photographs: 10 years from first publication (or creation if unpublished) before 1957.[1899-1931 Art. 23]
  • Copyright protection for photographs published on or before December 31, 1956 has been ended, whether the author is alive or not.
  • The term of protection for works from 1970 or before is the longer of the term under the old Copyright Act and that under the current Copyright Act. This provision especially affects the copyright status of cinematographic works.
  • There is an extension for Axis powers in WWII, which is essentially 11 years added to the copyright protection length.
  • If the work was also published in the U.S. within 30 days (or it was first published in the United States), it was also protected under U.S. law but not affected by the URAA restoration. See Commons:PD files and Commons:Hirtle chart.

Not protected[edit]

Under the Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014) the following are not eligible for copyright.[35/1970-2014 Art. 13]

  1. the Constitution and other laws and regulations;
  2. public notices, instructions, circular notices and the like issued by organs of the State or local public entities, incorporated administrative agencies ... or local incorporated administrative agencies ...;
  3. judgments, decisions, orders and decrees of courts, as well as rulings and judgments made by government agencies in proceedings of a quasi-judicial nature;
  4. translations and compilations prepared by organs of the State or local public entities, incorporated administrative agencies or local incorporated administrative agencies of [any of] the materials listed in the preceding three items.

Terms[edit]

Individual works[edit]

Date of author's death Date of publication Copyright tag
– December 31, 1945 – December 31, 1928 {{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}}
{{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945 January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1957
January 1, 1971 –
{{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996}}
{{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-1996|country=Japan|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945 January 1, 1958 – December 31, 1970 {{PD-Japan}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}The work was still in copyright in Japan on the date of URAA restoration (January 1, 1996) because copyright of the posthumous work was valid for 38 years from its publication before 1971.[1899 Art. 4][1969 Art. 52-1]
{{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}} Note that {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} may not be used for files uploaded after 1 March 2012.
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967 – December 31, 1928 {{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired}}
{{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
January 1, 1929 – {{PD-Japan}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}
{{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}} Note that {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} may not be used for files uploaded after 1 March 2012.
Others The work is still protected under Japan law.

Anonymous or Pseudonymous works[edit]

If the author of the work is unveiled during its copyright term, it is protected as an individual work. e.g. Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治, died in 1989) and his pen name "手塚 治虫" are well-known among people, so his works will be protected in Japan until 2059.

Date of publication Copyright tag
– December 31, 1928 {{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-anon-expired}}
{{PD-Japan}}{{PD-anon-expired}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945 {{PD-Japan}} + {{PD-anon-auto-1996}}
{{PD-Japan}}{{PD-anon-auto-1996|country=Japan|publication=year}}
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967 {{PD-Japan}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}
{{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}}
Others The work is still protected under Japan law.

Cooperative works[edit]

Date of publication Copyright tag
– December 31, 1928 {{PD-Japan-organization}} + {{PD-US-expired}}
{{PD-Japan-organization}}{{PD-US-expired}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945 {{PD-Japan-organization}} + {{PD-1996}}
{{PD-Japan-organization}}{{PD-1996|country=Japan}}
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967 {{PD-Japan-organization}} + {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}
{{PD-Japan-organization}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}}
Others The work is still protected under Japan law.

Old photographs[edit]

Date of creation Date of publication Copyright tag
– December 31, 1946 Any date {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
January 1, 1947 – December 31, 1956 – December 31, 1956[5] {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
January 1, 1957 – (within 10 years) Judged under 1970 Copyright law. (as an individual work or pseudonymous work)
Not published within 10 years from creation {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
January 1, 1957 – Any date Judged under 1970 Copyright law. (as an individual work or pseudonymous work)

Exceptions[edit]

  • For some government works, {{PD-Japan-exempt}}
  • For pre-1953 films directed by a person who died more than 38 years ago. This may not exclude the company's work. e.g. In 2006, Roy Export Company Establishment sued a Japanese company that was copying Sunnyside (1919) and other pre-1953 films directed by Charlie Chaplin. Tokyo distinct court judged that Chaplin held their copyright. They have been protected until 2015 (38 years after his death, according to the older copyright law) or 70 years after their publication, plus more additional period by the wartime prolongation).[6]
  • {{PD-Japan-film}} + choose from {{PD-US-expired}} or {{PD-1996}} (–1945)

Licencsablonok[edit]

  • {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} – az 1956. december 31. előtt készített fényképekhez, illetve az 1946. előtt készített fényképekhez, amelyeket 10 éven át nem publikáltak.
  • {{PD-Japan}} – nem fényképészeti művek esetében az alkotó halála után 50 évvel közkinccsé váló alkotásokhoz. Több alkotó esetén az utolsó halála mérvadó.
  • {{PD-Japan-film}} – az 1953. előtt forgatott filmek számára
  • {{GJSTU1}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Version 1.0).
  • {{GJSTU-2.0}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Ver.2.0); compatible with CC BY 4.0.

Non-copyright tags:

  • {{FoP-Japan}} may be added to a picture that includes architectural works, which are allowed under the "freedom of panorama" rule, but other tags should be given to show the picture's copyright status in Japan and the United States.
  • {{AerialPhotograph-mlitJP}} – The copyright holder, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, allows anyone to use the image for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed.

Currency[edit]

OK. The designs of the Japanese banknotes are published as state-issued 'Notifications' which exempt them from copyright protection under Copyright Law of Japan.[8] {{PD-Japan-exempt}} applies to them. [9]

De minimis[edit]

Copyright Act Article 30-2, amended in 2012, states:

  • Article 30-2: When creating a copyrighted work of photography, sound recording or video recording, other copyrighted items that are incidental subjects of the work because they are hard to be separated from the item that is a subject of the work may be copied or translated along the work being created (only if they are minor components of the work being created). However, if, considering the kinds of the incidentally included works and the manner of the copying or translation, it unfairly is prejudicial to the interest of the copyright holders of the incidentally included works, they may not.

[10]

Freedom of panorama[edit]

  • for artistic works:    {{NoFoP-Japan}} except in cases governed by Article 46.
  • for buildings only:   {{FoP-Japan}}

Note: Please tag Japanese no-FoP for public art deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:Japanese FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>

The Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014), allows the reproduction of artistic works located permanently in open places accessible to the public, such as streets and parks, or at places easily seen by the public, such as the outer walls of buildings, only for non-commercial purposes. Therefore, such photographs are not free enough for Commons.

Architectural works (i.e., buildings) located in such places may be photographed and the photos may be reproduced for any purposes. §46(iv), which contains the "non-commercial" restriction, applies only to "artistic works".[1899-1931 Art. 46(iv)] Some buildings like the Tower of the Sun can be regarded as artistic works per discussion.

Regarding buildings, a 2003 ruling by the Osaka District Court states that in order for a building to be copyrighted, it "must have creativity in aesthetic expression in light of the definition of works stipulated in Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of the same Act." This means ordinary-looking buildings are not eligible for copyright protection as "architectural works".

For more information, refer to:

Note: According to Japanese copyright law, Japan has a copyright lifetime of 70 years after the death of the author (ie. creator/designer) or following "the death of the last surviving co-author in the case of a joint work." Henceforth, the author's works shall become copyright free and enter the public domain.[1899-1931 Art. 51]

Stamps[edit]

Copyrighted Stamps more than 70 years old or published before 1 January 1968 are in the public domain, per {{PD-Japan}}.

Threshold of originality[edit]

Logos in the gallery below are   to upload. Article 2 of Japanese copyright law defines that a work is eligible for copyright when it is a production in which thoughts or sentiments are expressed in a creative way and which falls within the literary, scientific, artistic or musical domain.

[11]

Japanese courts have decided that to be copyrightable, a text logo needs to have artistic appearance that is worth artistic appreciation. Logos composed merely of geometric shapes and texts are also not copyrightable in general.

Asahi Breweries "Asahi" logo
(DR) Tokyo High Court's ruling: letters are a means of communication, shared by all. Copyright protection of fonts is limited only to those that raise artistic appreciation as much as artistic works do. [12]
Cup Noodles
(DR) Tokyo High Court's ruling: although the shape is stylized, the text is in a normal arrangement and keeps its function of being read as a sequence of letters. [13]
Olympic flag
Tokyo District Court's ruling: the Court is negative towards recognizing the symbol as a copyrightable work of fine arts, because it is considered merely relatively simple graphic elements. [14]
  • Furby toy: utilitarian, so not protected by copyright as an artistic work. Not utilitarian in the United States, so photos of the toy can't be uploaded to Commons.

[15]

Signatures[edit]

OK for a typical signature,  Not OK for calligraphic signatures. The decision 平成10(受)332 (Hanrei Jiho No. 1730: 123) set a relatively high artistic threshold for typefaces. The decision 平成10(ワ)14675 substantiates that calligraphy works are copyrightable [16]. According to Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of the Copyright Law, a work is a production in which thoughts or sentiments are expressed in a creative way and which falls within the literary, scientific artistic or musical domain. A signature must have aesthetic properties capable of artistic appreciation, not just beauty in terms of practical functionality, to be copyrightable.

See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. a b Japan Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2019-01-22.
  2. Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014). Japan (2014). Retrieved on 2021-05-16.
  3. 平成30年12月30日施行 環太平洋パートナーシップに関する包括的及び先進的な協定(TPP11協定)の発効に伴う著作権法改正の施行について. Agency for Cultural Affairs.
  4. Copyright Act 1970, Supplementary Provision Act No. 85 of June 18, 2003
  5. Copyright Act 1899 (revised in 1969), Art. 52–3
  6. 平成18(ワ)15552: 著作権侵害差止等請求事件 (in Japanese). Tokyo District Court Civil Division 29 (2007-08-29). Retrieved on 2016-12-30.
  7. w:ja:Wikipedia:屋外美術を被写体とする写真の利用方針 (Criteria for using a photograph of the artwork located in a public space) at Japanese Wikipedia
  8. 日本のお金 近代通貨ハンドブック 大蔵省印刷局編 (Japan's Money Modern Currency Handbook Ministry of Finance Printing Bureau) 119 (1994).
  9. Ministry of Finance Notification No. 76, 1984: Specifications of the Bank of Japan Notes scheduled to be introduced on November 1, 1984 - 10,000, 5,000 and 1,000 yen note.
  10. いわゆる「写り込み」等に係る規定の整備について. Agency for Cultural Affairs.
  11. [1]著作権法(昭和四十五年法律第四十八号)
  12. Tokyo High Court ruling 平成6(ネ)1470 (commentary)
  13. Tokyo High Court ruling 昭和55(行ケ)30, Supreme Court ruling 昭和55(行ツ)75 (commentary)
  14. Tokyo District Court ruling 昭39(ヨ)5594
  15. Sendai High Court ruling H13(う)177 (commentary)
  16. ...[I]f the work has aesthetic elements that express thoughts and feelings through the selection of letters, the shape and size of the letters, the shading of the ink, the stroke of the brush, and the composition of the letters in combination with each other, it may be eligible for copyright protection as a work of art that shows the writer's individual expression. If the work has aesthetic elements that express ideas and feelings through the size of the ink, the shading of the ink, the movement or strokes of the brush, the composition of the letters in combination with each other, etc., it is considered to be a work of art in which the author's unique expression is expressed and can be protected by copyright.
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Macau

Makaó

Other region, e.g. dependency, union, former country

A lap összefoglalja a makaói szerzői jogi szabályozásnak a Commons szempontjából releváns részét. A feltöltendő fájlnak mind Makóban, mind az Egyesült Államokban közkincsnek vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie. Kétség esetén a területi jogszabályok az irányadók.

Háttér[edit]

A terület jogait Portugália 1887-ben adta át Makaónak, majd azon 1999-ben Kínához kerültek. A terület 2049-ig Kína különleges jogállású területeként létezik.

Makaó 1994. december 31-e óta a Kereskedelmi Világszervezet tagja.[1]

A 2018-as adatok szerint az ENSZ Szellemi Jogi Világszervezete (WIPO) a makaói szerzői jog tekintetében a Decree-Law No. 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, on the Regime of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Law No. 5/2012 of April 10, 2012) törvényt tekinti irányadónak,[2] melynek szövege megtalálható a WIPO Lex adatbázisban.[3]

Általános szabályok[edit]

A Decree-Law No. 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, on the Regime of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Law No. 5/2012 of April 10, 2012) alapján:

  • A szerzői jogi védelem az alkotó halálától számított 50 évig áll fenn, akkor is, ha az alkotások posztumusz jelentek meg.[43/99/M/2012 Article 21]
  • Az időtartamokat a kiváltó eseményt követő év január 1-jétől kell számolni.[43/99/M/2012 Article 21]
  • Közös munka eredményeképp létrejött alkotások szerzői jogi védelme az utoljára elhunyt alkotó halálától számított 50 évig tart.[43/99/M/2012 Article 22.1]
  • Gyűjtemények vagy jogi személyek által előállítot alkotások szerzői jogi védelme az első megjelenéstől számított 50. évig tart, kivéve ha külön szabályokat állapítottak meg.[43/99/M/2012 Article 22.3]
  • Közös alkotások és gyűjtemények egyéni közreműködéseinek szerzői joga az alkotó halálától számított 50. évig tart, feltéve, hogy az egyéni közreműködés szétválasztható a gyűjteménytől.[43/99/M/2012 Article 22.4]
  • Ismeretlen szerző alkotásának jogvédelme a közzétételtől számított 50. évig tart.[43/99/M/2012 Article 23.1]
  • Audiovizuális alkotások jogi védelme a megjelenéstől számított 50. évig tart.[43/99/M/2012 Article 106]
  • Iparművészeti alkotások jogi védelme a mű elkészültét követő 25. évig art.[43/99/M/2012 Article 148]
  • Előadóművészek szerzői joga a felvétel elkészültét követő 50. évig érvényesíthető.[43/99/M/2012 Article 182]
  • Hangfelvételek és videoklipek producereinek szerzői joga a rögzítést követő 50. évig érvényesíthető.[43/99/M/2012 Article 188]
  • Műsorszóró szervezetek szerzői joga a közvetítéstől számított 20 évig érvényesíthető.[43/99/M/2012 Article 192]
  • Azon nem makaói művek esetében, melyek a származási ország és Makaó szabályai szerint is jogvédelmet élveznek, a rövidebb lejárati időt kell figyelembe venni.[43/99/M/2012 Article 51ff]

Nem védett művek[edit]

A Decree-Law No. 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, on the Regime of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Law No. 5/2012 of April 10, 2012) alapján a következők nem jogvédettek: (a) napi hírek, és egyszerű információközlésre szolgáló eseményjelentések; (b) jelentkezések, követelések és panaszok, amelyeket szóban vagy írásban egy hatóságnak vagy közszolgáltatónak nyújtottak be; (c) jogi és adminisztratív szövegek, valamint beszédek és ezek nyilvános előadása; (d) politikai beszédek.[43/99/M/2012 Article 5.1]

A hivatalos alkotások (hivatalos szövegek, törvények, rendeletek, jelentések, döntések stb.) nem lehetnek jogvédettek.[43/99/M/2012 Article 6]

Licencsablonok[edit]

  • {{PD-MacaoGov}} – Makaó hivatalos alkotásaihoz
  • {{PD-MacaoGov-text}} – a mű hivatalos szöveg, ezért közkincs
  • {{PD-MO}} – az alkotó halála óta eltelt ötven év, vagy ismeretlen szerző esetén a publikálás óta eltelt 50 év
  • {{PD-MO-old-art}} – az iparművészeti alkotások védettsége a létrehozástól számított 25 évig érvényes
  • {{PD-MO-old-audiovisual}} – az audiovizuális művek a közzétételtől számított 50 évig jogvédettek.
  • {{PD-MO-old-broadcast}} – a műsorok szerzői joga a sugárzástól számított 20 évig él
  • {{PD-MO-old-media}} – hang- és videófelvételek esetén a jogi védettség a rögzítést követő 50. évig áll fenn
  • {{PD-MO-old-photo}} – a fotográfiai művek jogvédelme az elkészültüket követően 25 évig áll fenn.

Pénz[edit]

   A valuta felhasználásához a Makaói Valutaszervezet engedélye szükséges.

A Decree-Law No. 7/95/M of January 30 14.2 cikkelyével összhangban az oktatási és promóciós céllal kért másolási engedélyt a kormány megadhatja; az ilyen kérelmeket a Makaói Valutaszervezetnek kell benyújtani.[4]

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

  {{FoP-Macao}}

  • Az alkotó engedélye nélkül megengedett […] nyilvános helyen lévő alkotások fénykép, videó, film vagy más hasonló módon történő reprodukciója.[43/99/M/2012 Article 61(l)]
  • A másolat nem akadályozhatja meg az eredeti alkotót a műhöz fűződő jogainak gyakorlásában.[43/99/M/2012 Article 62(l)]
  • A 61-es cikkely szerinti másolatok a használóik által nem keverendőek össze az eredeti művel, és a reprodukció nem lehet olyan széles körű, hogy az eredeti alkotás értékét csökkentse.[43/99/M/2012 Article 62(3)]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. Berne Notification No. 207 ... Application of the Berne Convention to Macau. WIPO. Retrieved on 2020-04-09.
  2. Macao, China Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  3. Decree-Law No. 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, on the Regime of Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Law No. 5/2012 of April 10, 2012). Macao (2012). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  4. Monetary Authority of Macao (2016) Reproduction of banknotes of Macao for educational and promotional purposes[2]
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Manchukuo

Mandzsukuo

Other region, e.g. dependency, union, former country

A lap összefoglalja a mandzsukuói szerzői jogi szabályozásnak a Commons szempontjából releváns részét. A feltöltendő fájlnak mind Mandzsukuóban, mind az Egyesült Államokban közkincsnek vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie. Kétség esetén a területi jogszabályok az irányadók.

Háttér[edit]

Mandzsukuo 1932-ben, Északkelet-Kína japán megszállásával jött létre, majd 1945-ben a Szovjetunió megalakulásával szűnt meg. Kína a területet mindig magáénak tartotta Mandzsukuo elismerése nélkül.

Licencsablonok[edit]

  • {{PD-Manchukuo}} – for collective and anonymous works from Manchukuo, which are now in the public domain in the People's Republic of China.
  • {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}} – a mandzsukuói kormány által kiadott bélyegekhez, amelyek Kínában ma közkincsek.

Bélyegek[edit]

Közkincs Használd a {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}} sablont.

Mivel Kína a területet mindig is magáénak tartotta Mandzsukuó elismerése nélkül, az itt kibocsátott bélyegek 1996. január 1-je óta közkincsek. A kínai jog szerint a jogvédelem a publikációt követő 50. évig tart, és nem tudni, ezen alkotásokat ki bocsátotta ki.

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Mongolia

Mongólia

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Mongolia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Mongólia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Mongolia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Mongolia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Background[edit]

The Qing dynasty of China absorbed Mongolia in the 17th century. After the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongolia declared independence, and achieved actual independence from the Republic of China in 1921. The Mongolian People's Republic was founded in 1924.

Mongolia has been a member of the Kereskedelmi Világszervezet since 29 January 1997, the Berne Convention since 12 March 1998 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 25 October 2002.[1]

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Mongolia.[1] WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.[2]

General rules[edit]

Under the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006),

  • The term of copyright protection in respect of a particular work shall begin from the day of its creation.[2006 Article 13.6]
  • A author shall enjoy the exclusive rights for his/her lifetime and 50 years after his/her death.[2006 Article 13.2]
  • In the case of pseudonymous or anonymous works, the exclusive rights of an author in copyrighted works shall begin from 1 January of the year following the year the first publication of a work and be valid for 75 years.[2006 Article 13.4]
  • In case of the co-authorship, the copyright shall be protected for the lifetime of the authors and for a period of 50 years from 1 January of the year following the death of the last surviving author.[2006 Article 13.6]

Not protected[edit]

The following works shall not be protected by copyright: texts of laws and other legal acts; administrative decisions and official documents of legal entities and organizations; court decisions, resolutions, judge’s decrees, other documents and speeches delivered during court hearings; translation of the above documents; coats of arms, banners, flags, awards, orders and medals; any news or information with facts and figures for the purpose of reporting the current events and results thereof; works of folklore and national traditions; any ideas, methods, procedures, scientific discoveries and mathematical concepts.[2006 Article 8]

Commissioned works[edit]

Under Article 18 of the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006):

  • Pursuant to the agreement for a commissioned work, the author shall undertake duties to create and submit a work and the person commissioning the work shall undertake duties to pay the remuneration to the author.[2006 Article 18.1]
  • The holder of exclusive rights shall be determined by the agreement.[2006 Article 18.2]

Copyright tags[edit]

  • {{PD-Mongolia}} – applies to works first published in Mongolia: Photos and applied art 25 years after publication, starting from the end of the publication year. Other works 50 years after the author's death. Anonymous and pseudonymous works and works created by legal persons 75 years after publication. Any photographic images or other applied art created before 1972 (PD in Mongolia before 1997) are in the public domain in both Mongolia and the USA.
  • {{PD MN-exempt}} – exempt from copyright are the following works: legislation and other legal documents; court decisions, official documents; speech made at court and political meetings; translations of any of the above; news; ideas, procedures, methods of operation, or mathematical concepts.[2006 Article 8]

Currency[edit]

  : Banknotes are copyrighted, as they do not fall within one of the copyright exemptions in Article 8 of the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006).[2006 Article 8]

Freedom of panorama[edit]

   {{NoFoP-Mongolia}}. The Mongolian copyright law does not provide freedom of panorama. Instead, it only allows incidental inclusion of works in public spaces for reporting purposes. It also provides conditions that are similar to United States fair use conditions.

Under the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006),

  • It is allowed to publish works of architecture, fine arts and photography located in public places in order to show the surrounding areas of events while reporting the events to the public.[2006 Article 24.1.6]
  • But the following conditions shall be considered in determining the circumstances provided in Section 24.1 of this law: To have a non-profit purpose; The extent of use and the importance of the used parts; The value of the work and the effect of the used part on the market.[2006 Article 24.2]

See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. a b Mongolia Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  2. Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006). Mongolia (2006). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:North Korea

Észak-Korea

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in North Korea must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both North Korea and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from North Korea, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Background[edit]

Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan in 1910. After World War II ended in 1945, Korea was divided into two zones, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. In 1948, separate governments were formed in North Korea and South Korea.

North Korea has been a member of the Berne Convention since 28 April 2003.[1]

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (as amended by Decree No. 1532 of February 1, 2006, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of North Korea.[1] WIPO holds an English language version of the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.[2] A Korean language version is held on WikiSource.[3] Korea.gnu.org holds the Korean language version of the 2001 Copyright Law.[4]

Applicability[edit]

As listed by Article 9,[1532/2006 Article 9] North Korean works eligible for copyright are:

  • works of scientific treatises, novels and poems
  • works of music
  • works of theatrical art such as opera, drama, acrobatics and dance
  • works of visual art such as film and television program
  • works of fine arts such as painting, sculpture, industrial art, calligraphy and design
  • works of photography
  • works of graphic art such as map, chart, blueprint, sketch and model
  • computer programs

General rules[edit]

Under the Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (as amended by Decree No. 1532 of February 1, 2006),

  • The property right to a copyrighted work shall be protected from the moment of its publication to the 50th year after the death of its author. The property right to a joint copyrighted work shall be protected from the moment of its publication to the 50th year after the death of the last survivor of the co-authors.[1532/2006 Article 23]
  • The property right to a copyrighted work or a copyrighted visual art work whose author is an institution, enterprise or organization shall be protected for up to 50 years from the moment of its publication.[1532/2006 Article 24]
  • The term of copyright protection shall be calculated from 1 of January of the year following the publication of the work or the death of its author.[1532/2006 Article 25]

Not protected[edit]

  • Documents for state management, current news or information data shall not be the object of copyright unless commercial purpose is pursued.[1532/2006 Article 12]
  • A "work whose publication, issuance, performance, broadcasting, show and exhibition is prohibited" is not protected by copyright.[1532/2006 Article 6]

Copyright tags[edit]

Currency[edit]

  . According to the North Korean copyright act, documents for state management, current news or information data shall not be the object of copyright unless commercial purpose is pursued.[1532/2006 Article 12] However, currencies are for commercial purposes, so currencies are not included here.

Freedom of panorama[edit]

 : {{FoP-North Korea}}

Under the Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (as amended by Decree No. 1532 of February 1, 2006), A copyrighted work may be used without the permission ... when a copyrighted work in public places is copied.[1532/2006 Article 32.8]

Furthermore, architectures are not mentioned in Copyright Act Article 9, so they do not have a copyright in North Korea.

Stamps[edit]

Copyrighted. According to North Korean copyright law as of 2006, "the property rights to a copyrighted work or a copyrighted visual art work whose author is an institution, enterprise or organization shall be protected for up to 50 years from the moment of its publication."[1532/2006 Article 24]

If published before 1 January 1974 use {{PD-DPRKOld}}.

See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:South Korea

Dél-Korea

A lap összefoglalja a dél-koreai szerzői jogi szabályozásnak a Commons szempontjából releváns részét. A feltöltendő fájlnak mind Dél-Koreában, mind az Egyesült Államokban közkincsnek vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie. Kétség esetén a területi jogszabályok az irányadók.

Háttér[edit]

A Koreai-félszigetet a Japán Birodalom 1910-ben annektálta, majd 1945-ben, a második világháború végén Koreát kettéosztották: az északi rész szovjet, a déli pedig amerikai fennhatóság alá került. A mai Észak- és Dél-Korea 1948-ban jött létre.

Dél-Koreai 1987. október 1-je óta az Egységes Szerzői Jogi Megállapodás, 1995. január 1-je óta a Kereskedelmi Világszervezet, 1996. augusztus 21-e óta a Berni Egyezmény, 2004. június 24-e óta pedig a WIPO szerzői jogi egyezmény tagja.[1]

A 2018-as adatok szerint az ENSZ Szellemi Jogi Világszervezete (WIPO) a dél-koreai szerzői jog tekintetében a Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 14634 of March 21, 2017) törvényt tekinti irányadónak,[1] melynek szövege megtalálható a WIPO Lex adatbázisban.

[2]

Jogvédett alkotások[edit]

Példák a jogvédett alkotásokra:[432/1957–2017 Article 4]

  • Fikciók, költészet, cikkek, előadások, beszédek és más irodalmi művek
  • Zeneművek
  • Pantomim, színház, tánc és egyéb színpadi alkotások
  • Kalligráfia, festmény, szobor, nyomat, illetve kézműves-, iparművészeti- és egyéb művészeti alkotás
  • Modellek, tervrajzok és egyéb, az építészethez használt alkotások
  • Fotók
  • Mozifilmek
  • Térképek, grafikonok, tervek, irányzatok, modellek és hasonló alkotások
  • Számítógépes programok.

Not protected[edit]

Under the Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 17588 of December 8, 2020), works that fall under any of the following are not protected by copyright.[3916/1987–2020 Article 7]

  • Constitution, laws, treaties, orders, ordinances and rules
  • Public notices, announcements, orders, and other similar matters by the State or local governments
  • Judgment, decision, order and trial or administrative trial procedure of the court, other resolutions, decisions, etc. through similar procedures
  • Compilation or translation of those stipulated in subparagraphs 1 through 3, prepared by the State or local government
  • News reports that only convey facts

Általános szabályok[edit]

A Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 14634 of March 21, 2017) szerint:

  • Hacsak nincs máshogy megszabva, egy mű jogvédelme az alkotó halálát követő 70. évig áll fenn.[432/1957–2017 Article 39]
  • Közös munka eredményeképp létrejött alkotások jogvédelme az utoljára elhunyt szerző halálát követő 70. évig tart.[432/1957–2017 Article 39]
  • Ismeretlen vagy álnéven dolgozó szerző alkotása a kiadást követő 70. évig védendő, kivéve, ha az alkotó ez idő alatt ismertté vált.[432/1957–2017 Article 40]
  • Foglalkoztatás ideje alatt készült alkotások a publikációtól számított 70 évig jogvédettek, azonban ha ötven éven belül nem hozzák nyilvánosságra, akkor védelmük a létrehozástól számított 70 évig tart.[432/1957–2017 Article 41]
  • Audiovizuális alkotások jogvédelme a közzétételtől számított 70 évig érvényes, azonban ha ötven éven belül nem hozzák nyilvánosságra, akkor védelmük a létrehozástól számított 70 évig tart.[432/1957–2017 Article 42]
  • A védelem a lejárat évének végéig tart.[432/1957–2017 Article 44]
  • A kapcsolódó jogok 70 évig védik a művet az előadástól, felvételtől vagy sugárzástól.[432/1957–2017 Article 86] Hangfelvételek esetén a zenei alapnak is szabadon felhasználhatónak kell lennie.

1963 előtt elhunyt alkotók, szervezeti művek[edit]

1957 előtt a védelem időtartama 30, 2013 júliusa előtt pedig 50 év volt. Ez azon alkotásokra érvényes, melyek szerzője 1963. január 1. előtt halt meg, vagy jogi személy e dátum előtt adta ki azt.

A fotómásolatok kivételével a tanulmányokba vagy alkotásokba beillesztett, csak ezen célra készült fényképek és más műalkotások, illetve az ezt tároló negatívok ma Dél-Koreában közkincsnek számítanak, ha 1976. december 31. előtt készültek és első publikációjuk az országban történt.

Előfordul néhány kivétel. A polgári törvénykönyv alapján örökösök nélkül a szerző halála után a szerzői jog az államra száll át. A terméknek az USA-ban is közkincsnek kell lennie.

Jogállapot az Egyesült Államokban[edit]

Annak eldöntésére, hogy az alkotás az USA-ban közkincs-e, meg kell vizsgálni, hogy 1996-ban jogvédett volt-e. Az 1987-ben életbe lépett törvény a jogi védelmet 30-ról 50 évre emelte, így az 1957 előtt elhunyt szerzők művei ma már nem jogvédettek.[3]

Licencsablonok[edit]

Cheque[edit]

  . South Korean cheques are copyrighted by Korea Federation of Banks. Korea Federation of Banks doesn't provide terms of use.

Pénz[edit]

  1950-es megalapítása óta a Bank of Korea a kiadott pénzek jogtulajdonosa. A bank a Guidelines for the Reproduction of Bank of Korea Notes and Coins kiadvány szerint bizonyos korlátozásokkal bárki számára lehetővé teszi a pénzek engedélykérés nélküli felhasználását.

[4]

Az elektronikus másolatok maximális felbontása 72DPI, és az előlapon vagy tükrözött képen (kivéve a portrén) szerepelnie kell a „SPECIMEN” vagy „보기” kifejezéseknek; a szövegnek megkülönböztethetőnek kell lennie, de nem szabad eltávolíthatónak lennie. A mintaszövegnek az előlap tetején látható „Bank of Korea” sornál nagyobbnak kell lennie, és az elkülöníthetőség érdekében nem lehet áttetsző. Ezek a szabályok a részleges másolatokra is érvényesek.[4]

A 3.C szakasz (eszmei másolatok) követelményeinek megfelelő állományokhoz a {{South Korean currency}} sablont használd.

De minimis[edit]

This photo is not copyright infringement because Lotte World Tower is not main object in this image, it's incidentally included.

Under the Copyright Act (as amended up to Act No. 16600 of November 26, 2019),

Article 35-3 (Incidental Inclusion, etc.),
A work seen or heard in the courses of photographing, voice recording, or video recording (hereinafter referred to as "shooting, etc." in this Article), where it is incidentally included in the main object of shooting, etc., may be reproduced, distributed, performed in public, displayed, or publicly transmited. That where it unreasonably prejudices the interest of the holder of author's economic right in light of the type and nature of the used work, the purpose and character of use, etc, the same shall not apply.

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

   Csak nem kereskedelmi felhasználás engedélyezett. A Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 14634 of March 21, 2017) 35-ös cikkelye szerint:

(1) Az alkotást csak a tulajdonosa, vagy a jogot megszerző személy mutathatja be eredeti formájában; ha a művet közterületen állandó jelleggel helyezik el, akkor az előző feltétel nem érvényes.

Note: Please tag South Korean no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:South Korean FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>
Under the Copyright Act (as amended up to Act No. 8101 of June 29, 2007),

Article 35 (Exhibition or Reproduction of Works of Art, etc.),
(1) The holder of the original of a work of art, architectural work or photographic work (hereinafter referred to as “work of art, etc.”), or a person who has obtained the holder’s consent, may exhibit the work in its original form: Provided, That where the work of art is to be permanently exhibited on the street, in the park, on the exterior of a building, or other places open to the public, the same shall not apply.
(2) Az (1)-es bekezdésben említett, nyilvános helyen állandó jelleggel kiállított alkotások bármely módon reprodukálhatóak; ez a feltétel a következő esetekben nem érvényes:
1. Ha egy épületet átalakítanak
2. Ha egy szobrot vagy festményt módosítanak
3. Ha a reprodukció az (1)-es bekezdésben foglaltaknak megfelelően, állandó jelleggel történő kiállítás céljából történik
4. Ha az újragyártás eladási céllal történik.
(3) Az alkotások első bekezdés szerinti kiállítója tájékoztató füzetet készíthet az elemekről.
(4) Megbízásra készülő portré vagy más fotó nem használható fel a megbízott engedélye nélkül.

Ez megengedi a „nyilvános helyeken” állandó jelleggel megtalálható alkotások reprodukcióját; a 35.(2).4 szakasz kimondja, hogy ezek nem készülhetnek eladási céllal. A másolatok definíciója a 2.(22) szakasz szerint: „[…] egy megfogható alkotás elkészítése vagy másolása nyomtatással, fényképezéssel, másolással, hang- vagy videófelvétellel stb.”; a nyilvános helyen lévő alkotások másolata nem adhatók el például képeslapok, naptárak, vagy gyűjtemények részeként, ha abban az adott kép az elsődleges tárgy.[5]

Exception

  for non-building structures (such as bridges, dams, tunnels, etc.)

Non-building structures are not mentioned in Copyright Act Article 4, so they do not have a copyright in South Korea. Please use {{PD-structure|KOR}} or {{PD-SK-nonbuilding-structure}} for photos of South Korean non-building structures.

Bélyegek[edit]

Jogvédett A szerzői jogi törvény 39-től 44-ig terjedő szakaszai alapján a szervezetek által készített jogvédett művek a publikációt követő 70. évben válnak közkinccsé. Az 1963 január 1-je előtt kiadott bélyegekhez a {{PD-South Korea}} sablont használd.

Eredetiség határa[edit]

A Copyright Act as amended up to Act No. 14634 of March 21, 2017 gépi fordítása alapján:

  • „Alkotásnak” az emberi gondolatok vagy érzések kifejezésére szolgáló művek számítanak.[432/1957–2017 Article 2.2]

Seoul High Court judged the seagull pattern and the figure of Ebisu of EVISU Japan is not copyrighted because they cannot be recognized for originality.[6] Also, The Supreme Court of South Korea has ruled that typefaces are not copyrighted. (See also Commons:Copyright rules by territory/South Korea § Signatures)

However, the Supreme Court of South Korea judged the logo of Fox Racing is copyrighted.[7]

Signatures[edit]

  for a typical signature: The Supreme Court of South Korea has ruled that typefaces are not protected by copyright.[8]

   for calligraphic signatures: According to Copyright Act Article 4, calligraphy is protected by copyright (See also Commons:Copyright rules by territory/South Korea § Types of protected work).

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. a b Republic of Korea Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  2. Copyright Act (Act No. 432 of January 28, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 17588 of December 08, 2020). South Korea (2021). Retrieved on 2021-09-05.
  3. Yunjeong Choi (2003) Development of Copyright Protection in Korea: its History, Inherent Limits, and Suggested Solutions, Brook. J. Int'l L. 28, pp. 643−673
  4. a b Guidelines for the For Reproduction of Bank of Korea Notes and Coins. Retrieved on 2019-01-27.
  5. Jin-won Choe, The Right of Exhibition and the Freedom of Panorama
  6. Seoul High Court 2009나122304
  7. The Supreme Court of South Korea 2012다76829
  8. The Supreme Court of South Korea 94누5632
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat
Text transcluded from
COM:Taiwan

Kínai Köztársaság

A lap összefoglalja a Kínai Köztársaság szerzői jogi szabályozásának a Commons szempontjából releváns részét. A feltöltendő fájlnak mind a Kínai Köztársaság területén, mind az Egyesült Államokban közkincsnek vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie. Kétség esetén a területi jogszabályok az irányadók.

Háttér[edit]

Tajvan szigetét 1863-ban csatolta magához Kína, majd 1895-ben a japánokhoz került. A második világháború végén 1945-ben a Kínai Köztársaság visszaszerezte hatalmát; 1949-ben a kormány tagjai a Népköztársaságból Tajvanra menekültek. 1979-ben a Kínai Köztársaság elvesztette ENSZ-tagságát.

A Copyright Act as amended on 30 November 2016 a Kínai Köztársaságban, valamint a Penghu-, a Csingmen- és a Macu-szigeteken van érvényben.

[1][2]

Az 1928-tól érvényben lévő szerzői jogi törvények az b:Annotated Republic of China Laws/Copyright Act lapon olvashatóak.

Applicability[edit]

Works covered by copyright as listed at Article 5 are:[2022 Art.5]

  • Oral and literary works.
  • Musical works.
  • Dramatic and choreographic works.
  • Artistic works.
  • Photographic works.
  • Pictorial and graphical works.
  • Audiovisual works.
  • Sound recordings.
  • Architectural works.
  • Computer programs.

Általános szabályok[edit]

A Copyright Act as amended on 15 June 2022 alapján:

  • A szerzői jogi védelem általánosságban az alkotó halálát követő 50. évig áll fenn.[2022 Art.30]
  • Ha egy alkotás először a létrehozója halálának 40. és 50. évfordulója között lett kiadva, a gazdasági jogok az első publikáció időpontjától kezdődően 10 évvel meghosszabbodnak.[2022 Art.30]
  • Közös munka eredményeképp létrejöt alkotások jogvédelme az utoljára elhunyt alkotó halálától számított 50. évig tart.[2022 Art.31]
  • Ismeretlen vagy álnéven dolgozó szerző alkotásának szerzői jogai a kiadástól számított 50 évig, míg gazdasági jogai az alkotó halálától számított 50 évig állnak fenn. Ezek a feltételek nem érvényesek, ha ez idő alatt a szerző személye ismertté vált.[2022 Art.32]
  • Jogi személy alkotásának gazdasági jogai a kiadástól számított 50 évig érvényesek, azonban ha ez idő alatt nem publikálták, a jogvédelem az elkészüléstől számított 50 évig él.[2022 Art.33]
  • Fényképek, audiovizuális alkotások, hangfelvételek és fellépések a kiadástól számított 50 évig jogvédettek. Az előző cikkely az előző szakaszra „mutatis mutandis” érvényes.[2022 Art.34]
  • A fent felsorolt időtartamok a kiváltó esemény évének utolsó napjától számolandóak.[2022 Art.35]

Nem védett művek[edit]

A Copyright Act as amended on 15 June 2022 alapján a következők nem jogvédettek:[2022 Art.9]

  1. Hivatalos dokumentumok, törvények, rendeletek stb.
  2. A központi vagy helyi kormányügynökségek előző pontbeli kiadványainak hivatalos fordításai
  3. Jelmondatok és gyakori szimbólumok, kifejezések, formulák, numerikus grafikonok, képletek, jegyzetek és évkönyvek
  4. Csak kommunikációs célra szánt tudósítások szó- vagy írásbeli közvetítései
  5. Törvényekhez vagy rendeletekhez kapcsolódó tesztkérdések vagy alternatív tesztkérdések.

Az első pontban említett „hivatalos dokumentumok” kategóriájába az állami alkalmazottak nyilatkozatai, beszédei, tudósításai és egyéb kiadványai tartoznak.[2022 Art.9]

Terms[edit]

Individual works[edit]

Date of author's death Date of publication Copyright tag
1895. január 1. – 1914. december 31.
date QS:P,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P580,+1895-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1914-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
until 1928. december 31.
date QS:P,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/7,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Japan-1899}}[3] + {{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
from 1915. január 1.
date QS:P,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11
until 1928. december 31.
date QS:P,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/7,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Taiwan-expired}} + {{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
1915. január 1. – 1951. december 31.
date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1951-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
from 1929. január 1.
date QS:P,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Taiwan-1996}} + {{PD-old-auto-1996|country=Taiwan|deathyear=death year}}
Egyéb The work is still protected under Taiwanese law and/or URAA.

Anonymous or pseudonymous works[edit]

Date of publication Licencsablonok
1895. január 1. – 1914. december 31.
date QS:P,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P580,+1895-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1914-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Japan-1899}} + {{PD-anon-expired}}
1915. január 1. – 1928. december 31.
date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Taiwan-expired}} + {{PD-anon-expired}}
1929. január 1. – 1951. december 31.
date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1951-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Taiwan-1996}} + {{PD-anon-auto-1996|country=Taiwan|publication=year}}
Egyéb The work is still protected under Taiwanese law and/or URAA.

Cooperative works[edit]

Date of publication Licencsablonok
1895. január 1. – 1914. december 31.
date QS:P,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P580,+1895-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1914-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Japan-1899}} + {{PD-US-expired}}
1915. január 1. – 1928. december 31.
date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1915-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1928-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Taiwan-expired}}
1929. január 1. – 1951. december 31.
date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P580,+1929-01-01T00:00:00Z/11,P582,+1951-12-31T00:00:00Z/11
{{PD-Taiwan-1996}}
Egyéb The work is still protected under Taiwanese law and/or URAA.

Old photographs[edit]

An old photograph of the Republic of China is in the public domain in both the Republic of China and the United States if it is one of the following:

  1. A photograph published before 1952.
  2. An anonymous photograph published before 2002 and whose author is certified dead before 1952.
  3. A non-anonymous photograph taken before 1952 and unpublished within 50 years of being taken, but published before 2002.
  4. A photograph not included in another work whose copyright term started before and continued to June 10, 1992 or not exclusively created for that work, and meeting one of the following conditions:
    • It's unregistered—taken before June 12, 1962 and published from July 12, 1965 until December 31, 2001.
    • It's registered—published before July 11, 1975, or taken before June 12, 1962 and published before 2002.
  5. A photograph meeting the conditions of {{PD-US-unpublished}}.

See this page for further explanation.

Licencsablonok[edit]

  • {{PD-Taiwan}} – a Kínai Köztársaság közkincs képeihez
  • {{PD-China}} – azon képekhez, amelyek a Kínai Népköztársaságban és Tajvanon is közkincsek
  • {{PD-China-film}} – azon filmekhez vagy képkockákhoz, amelyek Kína és Tajvan nyilvántartása szerint is legalább 50 éve lettek kiadva
  • {{PD-ROC-Traffic Signs}} – a tajvani közlekedési minisztérium Közlekedési Intézetének weboldaláról származó közlekedési táblák számára.[5]
  • {{PD-ROC-Traffic Markings}} – a tajvani közlekedési minisztérium Közlekedési Intézetének weboldaláról származó útjelzések számára.[5]
  • {{OGDL}} – a tajvani kormány alkotásai az Open Government Data License szerinti újrafelhasználáshoz
  • {{GWOIA}} – a kormányzati weboldalakról (például Government Website Open Information Announcement) származó információk.

Az 1949 előtti és utáni alkotásokért lásd még: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/China:Copyright tags

Pénz[edit]

 Not OK Az OTRS ticket:2014050810011876 szerint az új tajvani dollár bankjegyei a tajvani szerzői jogi törvény szerint jogvédetek; a jogtulajdonos a Kínai Köztársaság központi bankja:

As explained by VRT ticket 2014050810011876, all NTDs are protected by copyright under the Copyright Act of Taiwan. The copyright holder is the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan):

A 2014. április 27-i megkeresésére válaszolva: kérjük, vegye figyelembe, hogy nemzeti valutánk szigorú szerzői jogi védelem alatt áll, azaz a bankjegyek engedély nélkül nem használhatóak fel kereskedelmi céllal.

For several years, some users claimed that {{GWOIA}} may apply to them, based on CBC's Government Website Open Data Announcement:

[6]

Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.

This is also not true as per another VRT ticket 2020051710002624, to which a CBC officer said that their GWOIA can only apply to their policy texts and photos made for hire that are photographed by their employees, and can't apply to any currency samples.

Please also note that there are several artworks and photograph works on currencies, they are all copyrighted, in Taiwan as per the copyright note, and in the United States as per URAA.

Inconclusive For Old Taiwan Dollars, their copyright terms should be treated case by case.

De minimis[edit]

Public space and artistic works

Commercial freedom of panorama is not allowed in Taiwan for copyrighted works of art (non-architecture). A de minimis standard was set by the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office regarding photographs that may show copyrighted monuments and murals of Taiwan:

(2) As to whether the photographing of outdoor graffiti (artistic works) and print it in postcards for sale constitute the situation of "reproduction of artistic works for the purpose of selling reproductions" in paragraph 4 of Article 58 of the Law, in principle, if a specific artistic work is taken as the "theme" or the "focus", and the photos are printed in postcards for sale, it should be the situation of paragraph 4 of Article 58, one shall not claim fair use in accordance with this article; However, if such artistic works are used as the background for portrait photos or other landscape photos, and such art works are "attached" to the photos (not the focus of photo), there is a space for fair use in accordance with Paragraph 4 of Article 58 of the Law. As for the situation of fair use in accordance with Article 58 of the Law mentioned in the Vol.192 (p.77) of TIPO's monthly magazine, it is only limited to the above-mentioned "incidental use" of outdoor artistic works.

— Excerpt of English translation of Email No.1111122

Note that in the context of Taiwanese copyright law, fair use is not "fair use" in the American context but is a synonym for a copyright limitation. Freedom of panorama and de minimis are considered as types of fair uses in Taiwan.

Panorámaszabadság[edit]

  •    Beltéri művek és kültéri kétdimenziós alkotások esetén
  •   Épületek, szobrok és más kültéri háromdimenziós alkotások bővítései.

{{FoP-Taiwan}}

  • Az 1992-től érvényben lévő szerzői jogi törvény 58-as cikkelye kimondja:
Az művészeti vagy építészeti alkotások, amelyek nyilvános helyen vagy -épületben hosszú távon találhatóak meg, bármilyen módon feldolgozhatóak, kivéve az alábbiakat:
  1. Egy épület másának felépítése
  2. Egy szobor másolatának felállítása
  3. A cikkelyben említett alkotások hosszan tartó jelleggel való felállítása
  4. Műalkotások eladási céllal történő reprodukciója.

A művészeti alkotások reprodukciója csak nem kereskedelmi céllal történhet. A „reprodukció” ezen kontextusban az eredeti formában való megjelenítésre utal, azaz épületek és kültéri szobrok fotói   feltölthetőek.

The Taiwan Intellectual Property Office upheld this exact and restrictive perspective on freedom of panorama in their two correspondences which are accessible online: Reply No.1111122 and Reply No.1111230. This not only replaces some inconsistent interpretations in the past which Wikimedia Commons accepted in 2018 (for 3D public art) and in 2020 (for 2D public art), but also reinstated the original standpoint of Wikimedia Commons regarding the Taiwanese freedom of panorama. A more recent correspondence from TIPO, Reply No.11260001910, reaffirms the prior replies and explicity states that the use of free Creative Commons licenses on photos of copyrighted public art (such as outdoor sculptures of Ju Ming and Hongtong village murals) as mandated by Wikimedia may result to copyright infringement as the licenses involve the use of those photos on post cards and other media in which the only purpose is to sell copies of the artistic work. TIPO suggested that the Creative Commons license terms should exclude "reproduction of artistic works solely for the purpose of selling copies of the said works."

Also, Article 64 states that:

  • Who uses other people's works according to Article 44 to 47, Article 48 to Article 50, Article 52, Article 53, Article 55, Article 57, Article 58, and Articles 60 to 63, shall clearly indicate their origin.
  • The source of the explicit source in the preceding paragraph shall be used in a reasonable manner except for those whose name is unknown or whose works are unknown.

See also these related discussions: in October 2021 and in January 2023 on Commons, and also an extensive discussion and debate over the matter in Chinese Wikipedia.

Architecture vs. artistic works

Reply No.11260001910 reaffirms the standards of what is an architectural work in Taiwan, citing Section 4 the Building Act. Accordingly, a building "refers to the structures or miscellaneous works fixed on the ground or under the ground surface, having top covers, beams, columns, or walls, and used for individuals or the public." According to TIPO, if a certain work belongs to the categories of both architectural works and artistic works, the said work is still subject to the non-commercial restrictions of Taiwanese freedom of panorama at Article 58, paragraph 4.

Eredetiség határa[edit]

A szerzői jogi megfelelősség követelménye alacsony; a szellemi jogi hivatal szabályozása szerint „minimális kreatív tartalom” is elégséges.[7]

  A következő alkotások nem jogvédettek:

  • A következő kettő, hagyományos elemekből álló műalkotás a vonatkozó testületi döntések szerint túl egyszerű, hogy jogvédett legyen:[8]
  • Egyszerű kinézetű szövegek, például a következő Sunshow-logóhoz hasonlóak:

   A következők jogvédettek:

  • Kalligráfiai alkotások, például az ezen a fotón szereplő „燒烤飯糰” szöveg

[9][10]

Signatures[edit]

 Not OK: This government regulation (archived from original) lists handwriting and calligraphy as examples of artistic works that are subject to copyright protection.

Bélyegek[edit]

Copyrighted

According to the TIPO[11], stamps are considered as normal copyrighted artworks, not government works. Old stamps can be public domain following the #Terms section above.

Lásd még[edit]

Jegyzetek[edit]

  1. 著作權法 (in Chinese). Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China (Taiwan). Ministry of Justice (2022-06-15). Retrieved on 2023-02-17.
  2. Copyright Act (in en). Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China (Taiwan). Ministry of Justice (2022-06-15). Retrieved on 2023-02-17.
  3. Intellectual Property Office (2018-07-09). 電子郵件1070709.
  4. Presidential Office Gazette. National Central Library. Retrieved on 2019-03-24.
  5. a b Institute of Transportation, MOTC. Retrieved on 2019-03-24.
  6. 政府網站資料開放宣告. Retrieved on 2021-01-17.
  7. 智著字第09700078680號. Intellectual Property Office.
  8. 智慧財產法院107年民著上字第3號民事判決 (in Chinese). Judicial Yuan of the Republic of China. Retrieved on 2019-09-27.
  9. 鄧玉瑩 (2007-01-05). "盜用燒烤飯糰招牌判侵權". Apple Daily.
  10. 臺灣高等法院臺中分院95年上易字第1083號刑事判決 (2006-09-27).
  11. 電子郵件920523. TIPO (2003-05-23).
Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Lásd még: Commons:Jogi nyilatkozat