File:Viruses-11-00733 - Virophages of Giant Viruses - An Update at Eleven.pdf
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DescriptionViruses-11-00733 - Virophages of Giant Viruses - An Update at Eleven.pdf |
English: Virophages of Giant Viruses: An Update at Eleven. Viruses 2019, 11(8), 733; doi:10.3390/v11080733. This article belongs to the Section Viruses of Plants, Fungi and Protozoa. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/8/733/htm Virophages of Giant Viruses: An Update at Eleven. Viruses 2019, 11(8), 733; doi:10.3390/v11080733. This article belongs to the Section Viruses of Plants, Fungi and Protozoa. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Author | Said Mougari, Dehia Sahmi-Bounsiar, Anthony Levasseur, Philippe Colson, Bernard La Scola |
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Short title | Virophages of Giant Viruses: An Update at Eleven |
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Image title | The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. Coculture and metagenomics have actively contributed to the expansion of the virophage family by isolating dozens of new members. This increase in the body of data on virophage not only revealed the diversity of the virophage group, but also the relevant ecological impact of these small viruses and their potential role in the dynamics of the microbial network. In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. In this review, we present an update of all the knowledge on the isolation, biology, genomics, and morphological features of the virophages, a decade after the discovery of their first member, the Sputnik virophage. We discuss their parasitic lifestyle as bona fide viruses of the giant virus factories, genetic parasites of their genomes, and then their role as a key component or target for some host defense mechanisms during the tripartite virophage–giant virus–host cell interaction. We also present the latest advances regarding their origin, classification, and definition that have been widely discussed. |
Author | Said Mougari, Dehia Sahmi-Bounsiar, Anthony Levasseur, Philippe Colson and Bernard La Scola |
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Version of PDF format | 1.5 |
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