File:Tughras.pdf
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Size of this JPG preview of this PDF file: 480 × 600 pixels. Other resolutions: 192 × 240 pixels | 384 × 480 pixels | 972 × 1,214 pixels.
Original file (972 × 1,214 pixels, file size: 5.41 MB, MIME type: application/pdf, 7 pages)
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Summary[edit]
| Description |
English: This PDF document depicts the tughras (i.e., calligraphic seals or signatures) of two Mamluk Sultans (Sha'aban ibn Hussein and Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun) as well as those of 35 Ottoman Sultans. Osman I, the first Ottoman Sultan, is the only one whose tughra is not depicted since it has never been discovered.[1] |
| Date | The earliest tughras date back to the 14th century. The most recent ones were created and published in the first quarter of the 20th century. |
| Source | Egypt State Information Service: http://www.sis.gov.eg/PDF/Ar/History/0809000000000000210002.pdf |
| Author | Each tughra was created by a different calligrapher. |
| Permission (Reusing this file) |
This PDF document contains nothing but reproductions of tughras, all of which are in the public domain in the United States since they were published before 1923. |
Licensing[edit]
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This work is ineligible for copyright and therefore in the public domain because it consists entirely of information that is common property and contains no original authorship. |
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 02:18, 23 January 2009 |  | 972 × 1,214, 7 pages (5.41 MB) | BomBom (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description={{en|1=This PDF documents depicts the tughras (i.e., calligraphic seals or signatures) of two Mamluk Sultans (Sha'aban ibn Hussein and Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun as well as th |
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