File:主滔古傳.pdf

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English: Old tale of Lord Thao is a Nôm poem written in 6-8 verses. Its author is anonymous. It is a fictional story, however it is based on the historical time between 1592 and 1677 when the Mạc army was fighting against the Lê-Trịnh army. During this period, the Mạc army, after fleeing Thăng Long capital in 1592, went to build a stronghold in Cao Bằng (Northern part of Annam, bordered with China). They kept fighting against the Lê-Trịnh army in order to gain back their lost power. The fight ended in 1677 when the Mạc army was totally defeated. In the story, Lord Thao was a son and an army general of the Mạc King. He was ordered by the Mạc King to block the advance of the Lê army while the Mạc army withdrew to Cao Bằng (in history, the Lê army was controlled by Trịnh general). However, during the fight, he was arrested and brought back to Thăng Long. One day, he was escorted to wander around the capital. Lord Kim, also called Lord Ba, daughter of Lord Ông (the modern Vietnamese translation doesn't make it clear if Lord Ông is Lê King or not) happened to see him and fell in love. She became love sick and wanted to marry him. After a long debate, Chúa Ông agreed to let his daughter marry Lord Thao. After 10 years in marriage, they had 2 sons. However, Lord Thao still missed his father and wanted to go back to Cao Bằng. One day, he lied to his sons and got out of the capital. Lord Kim came home, and found out that her husband was gone. She told Lord Ông. Lord Ông sent his soldiers to find chúa Thao. The poem ended abruptly without conclusion. Even though the copy in the Maurice Durand collection has a call number AN.82 but according to the book found in the Hannom Library in the Institute of Hannom studies in Hà Nội, the correct call number is AB.82.
Tiếng Việt: Chúa Thao cổ truyện là một truyện thơ Nôm viết theo thể 6-8, không rõ tác giả là ai. Mặc dù truyện thơ hoàn toàn mang tính chất hư cấu nhưng tác giả lại dựa trên một giai đoạn lịch sử từ năm 1592 đến năm 1677 khi quân đội nhà Mạc chiến đấu với quân Lê-Trịnh để giành lại quyền lực đã mất. Sau khi mất Thăng Long năm 1592, nhà Mạc rút về Cao Bằng củng cố lực lượng, gây dựng nơi đây trở thành căn cứ đóng quân chính. Cuộc chiến giữa quân đội nhà Mạc với nhà Lê-Trịnh kéo dài cho đến năm 1677 khi nhà Mạc hoàn toàn bị dẹp. Trong câu chuyện hư cấu, Chúa Thao là con và là tướng của vua Mạc. Chàng được vua cha ra lệnh chặn đường tiến quân của quân đội nhà Lê trong khi vua Mạc rút quân về Cao Bằng (trong lịch sử thì quân đội nhà Lê thực chất nằm trong tay sự điều khiển của tướng nhà Trịnh). Tuy nhiên do bại trận, chúa Thao bị bắt và mang về giam ở kinh thành Thăng Long. Một hôm chúa Thao được cai ngục dẫn ra ngoài. Tình cờ chúa Kim hay còn gọi là chúa Ba, con gái Chúa Ông nhìn thấy và đem lòng yêu thương (theo bản dịch quốc ngữ thì không rõ Chúa Ông có phải là vua Lê hay không). Chúa Ba về nhà ốm tương tư rồi cuối cùng xin Chúa Ông cho lấy chúa Thao. Sau một hồi tranh luận, Chúa Ông đồng ý. Sau 10 năm chung sống, hai người có 2 con trai. Tuy nhiên chúa Thao vẫn nhớ đến cha và muốn quay lại Cao Bằng. Một hôm chúa Thao nói dối hai con là đi xem chọi gà rồi lẻn ra ngoài. Chúa Kim về nhà không thấy chồng đâu thì nói với Chúa Ông. Chúa Ông ra lệnh cho quân đi tìm. Câu chuyện kết thúc lửng lơ không có hồi kết. Mặc dù bản sao của Maurice Durand có ký hiệu AN.82 nhưng dựa theo bản lưu trữ ở Thư viện Hán Nôm của Viện Nghiên cứu Hán Nôm tại Hà Nội thì ký hiệu của truyện này là AB.82.
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Source Yale University Library / AN.82
Author Musée Annam
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