Citole

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<nowiki>citola; シトル; citole; citole; Citola; ציטולה; Citole; cítola; Citole; citole; citole; citola; 西特琴; Citole; strumento musicale medievale; ヨーロッパの古楽器; Musikinstrument; keskiaikainen näppäiltävä luuttusoitin; medieval lute; średniowieczny instrument strunowy; כלי פריטה; középkori húros, pengetős hangszer, a fidulával rokon lantféle; cedra; cetera; cetola; cetula; cistola; citola; citula; citera; chytara; cistole; cithar; cuitole; cythera; cythol; cytiole; cytolys; gytolle; sitole; sytholle; sytole; zitol; Zitôle; citole</nowiki>
citole 
medieval lute
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Wikidata Q665657
GND ID: 7851483-6
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Medieval art[edit]

  • Citole: an angel plays what would probably have been called a citole; a cut out of “Coronation of the Virgin”, De Lisle Psalter (c.1310), England[1][2]
    Citole: an angel plays what would probably have been called a citole; a cut out of “Coronation of the Virgin”, De Lisle Psalter (c.1310), England[1][2]
  • Three mermaids from Brunetto Latini "Li livres dou tresor," c. 1300, playing a citole, a harp and a shawm.
    Three mermaids from Brunetto Latini "Li livres dou tresor," c. 1300, playing a citole, a harp and a shawm.

Queen Mary Psalter c. 1310-1320[edit]

  • British Library image Royal 2 B VII f. 174. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two musicians dancing, one playing a citole, and the other a rebec, with a decorated initial 'D'(eus).
    British Library image Royal 2 B VII f. 174. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two musicians dancing, one playing a citole, and the other a rebec, with a decorated initial 'D'(eus).
  • British Library image Royal 2 B VII f. 177. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of a nun playing a psaltery and a monk playing a citola.
    British Library image Royal 2 B VII f. 177. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of a nun playing a psaltery and a monk playing a citola.
  • British Library image: Royal 2 B VII f. 189. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of four youths in a row, their hands connected by ribbons, and a musician playing a citole.
    British Library image: Royal 2 B VII f. 189. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of four youths in a row, their hands connected by ribbons, and a musician playing a citole.
  • British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 192. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two grotesques, one playing a citole and one playing a horned instrument, with an inhabited initial 'D'(eus) with a lion at its centre.
    British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 192. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two grotesques, one playing a citole and one playing a horned instrument, with an inhabited initial 'D'(eus) with a lion at its centre.
  • British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 203. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two men dancing, one playing a citole, and the other a rebec.
    British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 203. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of two men dancing, one playing a citole, and the other a rebec.
  • British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 192v. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of an ape and a centaur playing a citole and a trumpet, with a decorated initial 'D'(eus).
    British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 192v. Detail of a bas-de-page scene of an ape and a centaur playing a citole and a trumpet, with a decorated initial 'D'(eus).
  • British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 168v. Detail of a miniature of the marriage feast at Cana with a kneeling maid holding up a cup of the miraculous wine and six angels playing musical instruments in niches, three on either side. Instruments include 2 citoles, 3 rebecs, a trumpet and a psaltery.
    British Museum image: Royal 2 B VII f. 168v. Detail of a miniature of the marriage feast at Cana with a kneeling maid holding up a cup of the miraculous wine and six angels playing musical instruments in niches, three on either side. Instruments include 2 citoles, 3 rebecs, a trumpet and a psaltery.

Citole in British Museum (ca.1300, converted into violin in 16th century)[edit]

  • Sir J. Hawkins - 1776 - Citole[3][4]
    Sir J. Hawkins - 1776 - Citole[3][4]
  • Citole-BritishMuseum
    Citole-BritishMuseum
  • Citole side
    Citole side
  • Citole top
    Citole top
  • Citole-BritishMuseum-bgw
    Citole-BritishMuseum-bgw

Modern reproduction of citole[edit]

  • Citola (reproduction) with Pedro Jesús Gómez
    Citola (reproduction) with Pedro Jesús Gómez
  • Medieval citole built by Jo Dusepo
    Medieval citole built by Jo Dusepo
  • Cítola according to the iconography of the Cantigas de Santa María, s. XIII. Interpretation of Cantigas de Santa María by Emilio Villalba. Luthier: Asier de Benito (Spain)

Hypothesis: evolution from cithara to citole[edit]

  • Hypothesis: evolution from cithara to citole        
  • A hypothesis of the transition from cithara into necked string instruments (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 12, p. 704)
    A hypothesis of the transition from cithara into necked string instruments (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 12, p. 704)
  • Lira d'egipte - Museu de la Mediterrània de Torroella de Montgrí (56)
    Lira d'egipte - Museu de la Mediterrània de Torroella de Montgrí (56)
  • Cithara/lyra, Bible of Charles the Bald (9th century)[1][2]
    Cithara/lyra, Bible of Charles the Bald (9th century)[1][2]
  • Cithara/lyre without arms, Utrecht Psalter, Psalm 43 (9th century)[1][2]
    Cithara/lyre without arms, Utrecht Psalter, Psalm 43 (9th century)[1][2]
  • Plucked string instrument, Carolingian Psalter, 108r part (820–830)[2]
    Plucked string instrument, Carolingian Psalter, 108r part (820–830)[2]
  • 4-string plucked instrument with small wings on body, by Benedetto Antelami (c.1180), Baptistery of Parma, Italy[1][2]
    4-string plucked instrument with small wings on body, by Benedetto Antelami (c.1180), Baptistery of Parma, Italy[1][2]
  • 4-string plucked instruments with "holly leaf shape" body (left, Guitarras Latina), Cantigas da Santa Maria (13th century), Spain[1][2]
    4-string plucked instruments with "holly leaf shape" body (left, Guitarras Latina), Cantigas da Santa Maria (13th century), Spain[1][2]
  • Citole, “Coronation of the Virgin”, De Lisle Psalter (c.1310), England[1][2]
    Citole, “Coronation of the Virgin”, De Lisle Psalter (c.1310), England[1][2]
  • Citole (ca.1300). Note: this individual instrument have been converted into violin in the 16th century.
    Citole (ca.1300). Note: this individual instrument have been converted into violin in the 16th century.
  • Citole (modern reproduction)
    Citole (modern reproduction)

Similar shape instruments[edit]

Lyre guitars & mandolins in the 19th century (and later)[edit]

See also categories: Lyre-guitars, Harp lutes and Dital harps.
  • left: Harpo-lyre by André Augustin Chevrier, ca.1830, right: Lyre guitar by Joseph Pons, ca.1805
    left: Harpo-lyre by André Augustin Chevrier, ca.1830, right: Lyre guitar by Joseph Pons, ca.1805
  • Lyre guitar by Carl Christian Otto, Halle S., 1820
    Lyre guitar by Carl Christian Otto, Halle S., 1820
  • Lyre guitar by Carotte in youth, 1834
    Lyre guitar by Carotte in youth, 1834
  • left: Octochordis mandolino-lira (lyre mandolin) by P. Dabiero, Milan, c.1900
    left: Octochordis mandolino-lira (lyre mandolin) by P. Dabiero, Milan, c.1900
  • Danelectro Longhorn (electric guitar), 1958
    Danelectro Longhorn (electric guitar), 1958

Holly leaf shape instruments[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Butler, Paul. The Citole Project. Historical Instruments, Paul Butler Díverse Arts.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Blumberg, Roger Edward (2002). The Cipher for Viola da Gamba and Lute, Page 2. TheCipher.com.
  3. ↑ Hawkins, 1776
  4. ↑ Kevin, 2008
  5. ↑ James D'Aquisto (1971). Archtop Mandolin. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
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