File:Averages (%) of foods containing appropriate choline levels (to achieve adequate choline intake) based on the proposed method in food groups.pdf
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English: Averages (%) of foods containing appropriate choline levels (to achieve adequate choline intake) based on the proposed method in food groups. All high choline (excellent source of choline) and choline source (good source of choline) foods, excluding high choline and choline source baby foods, are based on the reference energy intake of 2,000 kcal for adults and children aged 4 years and older. High choline and choline source baby foods are based on the reference energy intake of 1,000 kcal for children 1 through 3 years of age.
About 96.5% of foods contained choline. On the basis of the proposed method, the average (%) of foods containing appropriate choline levels in food groups was 21.91%, of which 19.35% was the average of choline source (good source of choline) foods, and 2.56% was the average of high choline (excellent source of choline) foods. Lamb, veal, and game products with 90.8%, pork products with 88.15%, finfish and shellfish products with 86.67%, beef products with 83.45%, and poultry products with 69.7% had the highest averages of foods containing appropriate choline levels. Foods containing appropriate choline levels were not found in seven food groups (cereal grains and pasta; fats and oils; fruits and fruit juices; nut and seed products; snacks; spices and herbs; sweets) and were very few in six food groups (baked products; breakfast cereals; soups, sauces, and gravies; beverages; vegetables and vegetable products; sausages and luncheon meats). Suggested citation: Forouzesh, Abed; Forouzesh, Fatemeh; Samadi Foroushani, Sadegh; Forouzesh, Abolfazl. A new method for calculating choline content and determining appropriate choline levels in foods. SSRN 2022. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4132554 |
| Date | |
| Source | Own work |
| Author | SSamadi15 |
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| current | 14:48, 6 October 2023 |  | 1,752 × 1,239 (338 KB) | SSamadi15 (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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