File:Sogdian-Zoroastrian Deities, Tunhwang.jpg
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Summary[edit]
anonymous: Sogdian Daēnās | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Artist | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Author |
Unknown authorUnknown author |
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Title |
Sogdian Daēnās label QS:Les,"Daēnās sogdianas"
label QS:Lyue,"粟特神祇白畫"
label QS:Lfr,"Daênâs sogdiennes"
label QS:Ltt,"Согдия Даэналары"
label QS:Lru,"Согдийские Даэны"
label QS:Lca,"Daēnās Sogdianes"
label QS:Len-gb,"Sogdian Daēnās"
label QS:Lzh,"粟特神祇白畫"
label QS:Len,"Sogdian Daēnās" |
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Object type | line drawing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genre | religious art | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description |
English: Sogdian Deities: Daēnā and Nanā, a line drawing sketch from Tunhwang preserved in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
https://archive.org/stream/2003AAAH56401-428WivesPatrons/2003%20AAAH%2056%20401%E2%80%93428%20Wives%20%26%20Patrons#page/n10/mode/1up
中文(繁體):敦煌白畫P.4518(24)號,現藏法國國家圖書館。根據中山大學歷史系教授姜伯勤考證,此二位女神為粟特神祇,並指出持日月蛇蠍四臂女神是祆教的娜娜神;在後論中作者更描繪了敦煌賽祆的情景與粟特神祇畫像的運用。之後作者又運用圖像學(iconology)與圖像誌(iconography)的方法廣泛收集各家著述中的娜娜圖像以及其他神祇畫像與文獻來充實這個論斷,並進一步證明了饒宗頤先生所指出四臂女神倚坐的動物是犬這一論斷的正確性,同時探討了粟特神祇畫像的華化問題。http://nansha.schina.ust.hk/Article_DB/sites/default/files/pubs/Jour-03.2.B02.pdf 敦煌出土的一幅祆教圖像原被誤作佛畫,經由姜伯勤辨識,確認為祆教圖像。張廣達進一步論證了這幅敦煌白畫上的形像很可能是祆教善神妲瑞娜(Daēnā)和惡神妲厄媧(Daēva)。格瑞內(F. Grenet)和張廣達結合文獻和繪畫,說明歸義軍時期的敦煌祆教仍在流行。姜伯勤雖接受將妲瑞娜與Daēnā相比定的說法,但確定另一幅神像是女神娜娜(Nanā)。 饒宗頤在《敦煌白畫》中提到此幅二女神像,文中記載「P.4518(24)繪二女相向坐,帶間略施淺絳,顏微著赭色,頰塗兩暈,餘皆白描。一女手持蛇蠍,側有一犬伸舌,舌設朱色。一女捧杯盤,盤中有犬。紙本已汙損,懸掛之帶尙存。」此白畫,據姜伯勤所論,其上二女神為祆神神主,「懸掛之帶結猶存」則表明此種紙上素畫係用於賽祆。賽祆是一種祭祀活動,有祈福、酒宴、歌舞、幻術、化妝遊行等盛大場面,是粟特胡商「琵琶鼓笛,酣歌醉舞」的廟會式娛樂活動。祆神祭祀時的迎神曲,稱為穆護歌,隋朝樂府中已有「穆護砂」。宋人姚寬說「穆護原為祆廟賽神之曲」。唐大曲有穆護,大抵是祭神罷而飲宴歌舞。在歸義軍曹氏時期,敦煌城東仍有祆祠。所謂「城東祆」,當指安城祆廟。官府不時對祆廟供祀,此舉表明官府對祆教的重視。 |
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Date |
10th century date QS:P571,+950-00-00T00:00:00Z/7 |
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Dimensions |
height: 30.5 cm (12 in) ; width: 37.8 cm (14.8 in) dimensions QS:P2048,+30.5U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,+37.8U174728 |
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Collection |
institution QS:P195,Q193563
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Place of creation | Guiyi Circuit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source/Photographer |
New version: https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/curriculum-development/kla/pshe/belt-and-road-initiative/Ancient_Silk_Road_Nomadic_Ethnic_Group.pdf Old version: http://s3.sinaimg.cn/large/4d40cc3dh9fe7648026a2&690 |
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