File:Scientific American Volume 86 Number 14 (April 1902) (1902) (14773672102).jpg

Identifier: scientific-american-1902-04-05 (find matches)
Title: Scientific American Volume 86 Number 14 (April 1902)
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: feet scientific tion steam electric automobile tbe patent union pacific scientific american gas engine foreign trade sewing machine long island maximum grade glass palace wireless telegraphy lifting power
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o be blasted down. It is in this stretchof work that the slide occurred. In the next200 feet the upper heading, for a depth of 12feet from the roof down has been taken out, andabout 6 feet remain to be blasted away to bringthe tunnel down to the grade. The remaining500 feet to 42d Street has been entirely blastedout, ready for concreting. The accompanying illustrations include aprofile and cross-section and a plan view of the east-erly tunnel, at the point where the cave-in occurred,and show very clearly the causes and nature of thetrouble and the means taken to remedy it. The bot-tom of the tunnel is 60 feet below the street surface.The heading at this point is 12 feet in height by 30feet in width. The distance from the roof of the toward the surface. On either side of the rock wasa thin layer of greasy decomposed material, somewhatof the nature of soapstone, and the heavy rains andthaws of the winter, aided by a broken water pipe,had thoroughly saturated this material, loosening the
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CAVE-IN, SHOWING THE METHOD OF REPAIRS BY BULKHEABINGANB GROUTING. 4-foot layer of rock and allowing it to slide bodilyinto the tunnel. In spite of the endeavors made tostop this sliding by heavy shoring, the timbers werecrushed in anda section of theroof 70 feet inlength by sev- 63 Pft like opening of the kind shown in our illustrations.Unfortunately, the foundations of the front wall of theadjoining houses on Park Avenue were resting uponthis loose material—a perfectly secure foundation solong as the rock beneath was undisturbed, but, as theevent proved, a very unstable one when therock fell away. The crater extended beneaththe foundations of this wall, with the conse-quence that the areas, front steps, foundationwalls and a portion of the brownstone frontof the houses affected fell. It was first proposed to make an open cut atthis point, build a concrete lining for the tun-nel, and subsequently filling in above it; but ithas now been decided to carry out the repairs inthe mannerscientific-american-1902-04-05

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