File:Nikmbhumba assumes bird form.jpg

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English: India, Kangra or Guler circa 1820 Opaque watercolor heightened with gold on paper

Notes: PROPERTY FROM A PRIVATE GERMAN COLLECTION The present and two following illustrations are from the Vishnu Parva of the Mahabharata which recounts the struggle between Krishna and the demon Nikumbha. Nikumbha abducted a Yadava princess named Bhanumati causing Krishna, Arjuna and Pradyumna to mount a rescue effort. Here the demon assumes the form of a giant bird who holds the hapless damsel in his talons as he darts across the skies, all the while dodging the shower of arrows from the three warriors who are in hot pursuit. For another illustration from the same series, see Sotheby's New York, September 19, 2006, lot 15.

Provenance: Acquired from the Royal Library of Mandi in 1969

Dimensions: measurements image 12 3/4 by 16 3/4 in. (32.3 by 42.4 cm.) alternate measurements folio 14 1/2 by 18 1/2 in. (36.7 by 47 cm.) unframed
Date
Source http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/an-illustration-from-the-mahabharata:-krishna-and-209-c-bcumvbsj6n
Author Unknown authorUnknown author

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Public domain
This work is in the public domain in India because its term of copyright has expired.

The Indian Copyright Act applies in India to works first published in India. According to the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012 (Chapter V, Section 25):

  • Anonymous works, photographs, cinematographic works, sound recordings, government works, and works of corporate authorship or of international organizations enter the public domain 60 years after the date on which they were first published, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year (i.e. as of 2024, works published prior to 1 January 1964 are considered public domain).
  • Posthumous works (other than those above) enter the public domain after 60 years from publication date, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Any kind of work other than the above enters the public domain 60 years after the author's death (or in the case of a multi-author work, the death of the last surviving author), counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Text of laws, judicial opinions, and other government reports are free from copyright.
The Indian Copyright Act, 1957 is not retroactive, so any work in which copyright did not subsist when it commenced did not have its copyright restored, and is in the public domain per the Copyright Act 1911.

You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. Note that this work might not be in the public domain in countries that do not apply the rule of the shorter term and have copyright terms longer than life of the author plus 60 years. In particular, Mexico is 100 years, Jamaica is 95 years, Colombia is 80 years, Guatemala and Samoa are 75 years, and Switzerland and the United States are 70 years.

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