File:Training design characteristics of included studies studies investigating concurrent endurance and resistance exercise.png

English: "A summary of training design variables for lower-body strength and endurance training in each study, including recovery between sessions, the sequential order, the frequency and duration of endurance training per session, and the intervention length, is presented in Table 2."

"RT resistance training, RT1 resistance training group 1, RT2 resistance training group 2, DD different days, MS maximal speed, MHR maximum heart rate, MAV maximal aerobic velocity, MAP maximal aerobic power, Wpeak peak aerobic power, VT ventilatory threshold, vVO2max velocity at maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max maximal oxygen uptake, VO2peak peak oxygen uptake, Tmax time to exhaustion, MAS maximal aerobic speed, LT lactate threshold, HS half squat, PS parallel squat, FS front squat, LP leg press, BS barbell squat, KE knee extension, KF knee flexion, HC hamstrings curl, HE hip extension, SS split squat, LC leg curl, LG lunge, LAD leg adduction, LAB leg abduction, SJ squat jump, DL dead lift, BE back extension, LR lateral raise, NR not reported, DS different sessions, SS same session, MIX mix of different session and same session ªEstimated duration, N/A not applicable"

"On the basis of the predetermined criteria, 27 studies that compared effects between concurrent and resistance training only on lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength were included. The effect size (ES), calculated as the standardised difference in mean, was extracted from each study, pooled, and analysed with a random-effects model."

"This meta-analysis shows that concurrent resistance and endurance training has a negative effect on lower-body strength development in trained but not in moderately trained or untrained individuals. The impairment observed in the trained category seems to be present only when resistance and endurance exercises were performed within a short time of each other (< 20 min), that is, within the same training session, but not when performed separately (> 2 h). Trained individuals should therefore consider separating endurance from resistance training, with > 2 h, during periods when strength development should be maximised. A concurrent training programme for untrained or moderately trained individuals can be based on more practical considerations or personal preferences rather than trying to keep resistance separated from endurance training. It is important to acknowledge that even though the strength development was impaired in the trained category, the impairment was moderate. Therefore, athletes with limited time may train for resistance and endurance within the same training sessions and still obtain appropriate increases in lower-body maximal dynamic strength."

"The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) randomised and nonrandomised original articles, including healthy normal-weight men and women, 18–40 years of age; (2) interventions compared a group performing lower-body resistance and endurance trainings with a group performing identical resistance training only; (3) participants in the intervention and control groups with an equal baseline training status; (4) resistance training programmes performed in at least two sessions per week, including the same exercises as the main outcome measure of the study, with an intensity > 60% of the 1RM or lighter weight to fatigue; (5) endurance training performed as running or cycling at an intensity > 70% of the maximal heart rate in at least 2 sessions per week; and (6) studies reporting changes in maximal strength in leg press or squat exercise."