File:Volcanic Bomb, Thomas A. Jaggar Museum, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii (4528740683).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionVolcanic Bomb, Thomas A. Jaggar Museum, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii (4528740683).jpg |
A volcanic bomb is a mass of molten rock (tephra) larger than 64 mm (2.5 inches) in diameter, formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption. They cool into solid fragments before they reach the ground. Because volcanic bombs cool after they leave the volcano, they do not have grains making them extrusive igneous rocks. Volcanic bombs can be thrown many kilometres from an erupting vent, and often acquire aerodynamic shapes during their flight. Bombs can be extremely large; the 1935 eruption of Mount Asama in Japan expelled bombs measuring 5–6 m in diameter up to 600 m from the vent. Volcanic bombs are a significant volcanic hazard, and can cause severe injuries and death to people in an eruption zone. One such incident occurred at Galeras volcano in Colombia in 1993; six people near the summit were killed and several seriously injured by lava bombs when the volcano erupted unexpectedly. Volcanic bombs are known to occasionally explode from internal gas pressure as they cool, but contrary to some claims in popular culture (specifically, the 1997 film Volcano), explosions are rare; in most cases most of the damage they cause is from impact. Bomb explosions are most often observed in 'bread-crust' type bombs. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_bomb en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_... |
Date | |
Source | Volcanic Bomb, Thomas A. Jaggar Museum, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 19° 25′ 11.56″ N, 155° 17′ 17.16″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 19.419877; -155.288100 |
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Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/4528740683. It was reviewed on 9 January 2017 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
9 January 2017
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:41, 9 January 2017 | 2,816 × 2,112 (2.12 MB) | Holly Cheng (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot A540 |
Exposure time | 1/10 sec (0.1) |
F-number | f/2.6 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:29, 15 April 2010 |
Lens focal length | 5.8 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 15:29, 15 April 2010 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:29, 15 April 2010 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 5 |
APEX shutter speed | 3.3125 |
APEX aperture | 2.75 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.75 APEX (f/2.59) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression, red-eye reduction mode |
Keywords | Hawaii |