File:Venoms; venomous animals and antivenomous serum-therapeutics (1908) (14760069966).jpg

Identifier: venomsvenomousan00calm (find matches)
Title: Venoms; venomous animals and antivenomous serum-therapeutics
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors: Calmette, A. (Albert), 1863-1933 Austen, E. E. (Ernest Edward), 1867-1938
Subjects: Venom Serpents Toxins Antitoxins
Publisher: London, J. Bale, sons & Danielsson
Contributing Library: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library

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a conical and pointed tail. Scales smooth, disposed obliquely, in15—25 rows. Ventral scales round. N. tyipudians (Cobra-di-CajJeUo). (Fig. 26.) Head small, covered with large shields, a frontal as long asbroad, a supraocular, a praeocular, 3 postoculars, 2 -f- 3 or 3 -;- 3temporals, 7 upper labials, 4 lower labials. Neck dilatable by theseparation of the first cervical ribs; 21—35 scales round the neck,17—25 round the middle of the body : 163—205 ventrals; 42—75subcaudals. Total length, 1,500—1,900 millimetres; tail 230. Coloration very variable, usually cinereous grey or almost blackwith a bluish sheen; belly lighter, sometimes tinted with red. Thehead is frequently tinged with golden-yellow ; it is spotted withyellowish-white above, and is pure white underneath.3 34 VENOMS This species is distributed throughout the whole of SouthernAsia, from the south of the Caspian Sea to South China and theMalay Archipelago. Several varieties occur, and of these the principal are :—
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Pig. 25.—Skull of Naja trlpadiam. (After G. A. Boulenger, op. cit.) (1) Var. Tijpica (fig. 27), with a black-and-white spectacle-shaped mark on the middle of the dorsal surface of the mostdilatable portion of the neck, and one or more dark transversebands on the ventral surface, behind the head. Habitat: India, Ceylon. THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF POISONOUS SNAKES 35 (2) Var. Cceca.—Colour, pale brown or unifonii dark grey,without mark on the neck, and with one or more dark transversebands on the anterior part of the belly. Habitat: Transcaspian region, India, Java. (3) A^ar. Fasciata.—Colour, brown, olive,or black, with more orless distinct light trans-verse bands. Whitespot edged with blackin the shape of a ringor of a U on the neck,behind ; a black spoton each side in front. Habitat: India,Indo-China and SouthChina, Hainan, Cam-bodia, Siam, MalayPeninsula. (4) Var. Sputatrix.—Black or dark brown,with yellow or orange-coloured spots on thesides of the head andneck. The young hav

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