File:VFPt dipoles electric-ru.svg

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English: Computed drawings of four different types of electric dipoles.

Upper left: An ideal point-like dipole. The field shape is scale invariant and approximates the field of any charge configuration with nonzero dipole moment at large distance.
Upper right: Discrete dipole of two opposite point charges at finite distance, a physical dipole.
Lower left: Thin round disc with uniform electric polarization along the symmetry axis.
Lower right: Plate capacitor with uniformly charged circular discs.

Although the four field configurations differ significantly, they all converge to the same dipole field at large distances. Each configuration may represent an electric dipole.
Русский: Рассчитанные электростатические поля четырех различных типов электрических диполей.

Поле идеального точечного диполя. Конфигурация поля в большом масштабе инвариантна и приблизительно соответствует полю любой конфигурации зарядов с ненулевым дипольным моментом на большом расстоянии. Дискретный диполь двух противоположных точечных зарядов разнесенных на конечное расстояние, – физический диполь. Тонкий круглый диск с равномерной электрической поляризацией вдоль оси симметрии. Плоский конденсатор с одинаково заряженными круглыми обкладками.

Несмотря на различие этих конфигураций, вблизи которых поля существенно различаются, все эти поля сходятся к одному и тому же дипольному полю на больших расстояниях где они приблизительно одинаковы, при этом любая система зарядов может моделировать идеальный электрический диполь.
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Source File:VFPt dipoles electric.svg by Geek3
Author Д.Ильин: translation, optimization
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