File:Unterwasser-Quellen Mittelmeer Schwarzes-Meer und Anrainerstaaten.jpg

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Deutsch: Karstquellen an Küsten oder im Wasser, Mittelmeer und Schwarzes Meer (soweit dokumentiert).

Von der submarinen Karstquelle „fr:Exsurgence de Port-Miou“ bei Marselle, deren Erschließung wegen steigenden Trinkwasserbedarfs erfolgte, ist durch Tauchgänge belegt, dass es einen zweiten Karstgang gibt, der tiefer als -223 m Tauchtiefe liegt. Verkarstung in solchen Tiefen kann nicht mehr mit der Theorie erklärt werden, dass bis zum späten Pleistozän Karstquellen „normale“ und nicht submarine Quellen waren, nur weil seitdem der Meeresspiegel um ca. 120 m gestiegen ist. Heute nutzt man auch die Theorie, dass das Wasser des Mittelmeeres während der Messinischen Salinitätskrise (5,96 Ma bis 5,33 Ma) bis in ca. 2500 m Tiefe nahezu gänzlich verdunstet war. Deswegen habe die Verkarstung an den ehemaligen Küsten bis in größere Tiefen fortscheiten können.
Die Karte lässt den Blick auf den teils sehr tiefen Meeresboden zu. Bei einigen küstennahen oder submarinen Quellen mit großen Wassergängen bis hin zu Höhlengängen (Spanien, Frankreich, Italien, Libanon) sind ebenfalls zweite oder weitere Austrittsstellen in großen Meerestiefen belegt oder werden angenommen. Wegen der Suche nach Trinkwasserreserven sind inzwischen sehr viele dieser Karstquellen bekannt.

Public Domain Image NASA World Wind. Surface image of the Mediterranean Sea and Mediterranean Basin.

English: The image shows the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea down to their floors. Many costal and submarine springs line the northern hemisphere of the Mediterranean Sea.

In several karst regions two or even more interconnected large conduits (up to cave size) are assumed or even scientifically approved, which discharge their fresh water in all submarine or coastal and submarine karst springs (Spain, France, Italy, Lebanon). The search for a rising demand of drinking water led to the documentation of very many springs of this kind.
The submerging of the karst springs under sea level used to be explained by rising sea levels of ca. 120 m since late Pleistocene (melting of Polar ice). The new theory of the Messinien crisis, meanwhile empirically confirmed, considers a sea level fall down to the sea bottom up to 2500 m in late Miocene. This widened the view for much deeper karstic processes and thus for submarine springs, being up to500 m deep.

Image based on NASA World Wind. Surface image of the Mediterranean Sea and Mediterranean Basin.
Date 16th Junel, 2005
Source Own work
Author Ustill
Other versions Image:Mediterranean_Sea_surface.jpg

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Public domain
 This image is in the public domain because it is a screenshot from NASA’s globe software World Wind using a public domain layer, such as Blue Marble, MODIS, Landsat, SRTM, USGS or GLOBE.

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