File:Tylosaurus Plotosaurus cranial kinesis.svg

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English: Evolutionary adaptations in cranial kinesis among mosasaurs, showing a typical seven-joint kinesis and streptostyly in an early mosasaur (Tylosaurus nepaeolicus) and the specialized rigid akinesis featuring the loss of many joints in a highly derived mosasaur (Plotosaurus bennisoni) in (A) resting (B) protracting (C) retracting positions. Darkened circles correspond to each joint and red arrows correspond to the movement of bones along them.
Legend:
 
Premaxilla
 
Maxilla
 
Dentary
 
Splenial
 
Angular
 
Prefrontal
 
Frontal
 
Parietal
 
Palatine? (shown in Plotosaurus only)
 
Pterygoid
 
Ectopterygoid (shown in Plotosaurus only)
 
Jugal
 
Postorbitofrontal
 
Coronoid
 
Squamosal
 
Surangular
 
Articular
 
Supratemporal (shown in Plotosaurus only)
 
Paraoccipital process (shown in Plotosaurus only)
 
Quadrate
 
Braincase
Reference: Tylosaurus nepaeolicus and Plotosaurus bennisoni skulls adapted from Everhart (2005)[1] and LeBlanc et al. (2013) respectively.[2] Movement of joints based on Russell (1967)[3] and LeBlanc et al. (2013).[2]
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Author Macrophyseter

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  1. ↑ (2005). "Tylosaurus kansasensis, a new species of tylosaurine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas, USA". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84 (3): 231–240. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600021016.
  2. ↑ a b (2013). "Aquatic adaptation, cranial kinesis, and the skull of the mosasaurine mosasaur Plotosaurus bennisoni". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (2): 349-362. DOI:10.1080/02724634.2013.726675.
  3. ↑ Russell, D.A. (1967) Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs, 23, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, pp. 1–124

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current05:47, 7 August 2022Thumbnail for version as of 05:47, 7 August 20223,827 × 3,366 (899 KB)Macrophyseter (talk | contribs)Uploaded own work with UploadWizard

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