File:Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century, the true mirror of a phenomenal era, a volume of original, entertaining and instructive historic and descriptive writings, showing the many and marvellous (14597026999).jpg

Identifier: triumphswonderso01boyd (find matches)
Title: Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century, the true mirror of a phenomenal era, a volume of original, entertaining and instructive historic and descriptive writings, showing the many and marvellous achievements which distinguish an hundred years of material, intellectual, social and moral progress ..
Year: 1899 (1890s)
Authors: Boyd, James Penny, 1836-1910
Subjects: Progress Inventions
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa., A. J. Holman & Co
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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grip-rail system. Its route followed thegreat carriage road built by Napoleon in 1803-10. The railway over theBrenner Pass was opened in 1868; in 1871 the Mont Cenis tunnel supersededthe high-level line, and in 1880 the Great St. Gothard railway was opened.This was followed by the Arlberg railway in 1884, and tin; Simplon railwayis now under construction. Europe has the only railway within the Arctic Circle. It runs from Lulea,on the Gulf of Bothnia, northwest to the Gellivara iron mines, 44 mileswithin the circle. As the port is closed by ice during the winter, the line isto be extended to the Atlantic coast at Ofoten, 6)9° north latitude, where theinfluence of the Gulf Stream keeps the ports open. This end of the line willbe 130 miles north of the Arctic Circle. The countries of Asia (with the exception of India) are but scantily sup-plied with railways. Even Palestine — the Holy Land —has, however, beeninvaded, and has now two railways. One of these is from Jaffa (the biblical
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650 TRIUMPHS AND WONDERS OF THE XIXTB CENTURY Joppa) to Jerusalem, 54 miles (1892); the other is from Beirut to Damascus,70 miles. British interests have long advocated an all-rail-to-lndia pro-ject. The line would start opposite Constantinople, pass down the Euphratesvalley, across Persia, and along the coast of Baluchistan to Kurrachee, con-necting there with the Indian railway system. This great system aggregates *25,000 miles, and extends up to the Bolan Pass and the Khyber Pass, onthe Afghan frontier. Southward, it has been proposed to connect with theCeylon railways by a line of bridges and embankments along the reefs andshoals known as Adams Bridge. Owing to the vigorous opposition of the government and people, Chinahas but 350 miles of railway to its 4,200,000 square miles and its populationof 420,000,000. Many lines are projected, but are all in the eastern portion,and the twentieth century will be well advanced before the railway opens upthe heart of the country to civilizat

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