File:The ancient world, from the earliest times to 800 A. D (1913) (14781594475).jpg

Identifier: ancientworldfrom00west (find matches)
Title: The ancient world, from the earliest times to 800 A. D
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: West, Willis Mason, 1857- (from old catalog)
Subjects: History, Ancient
Publisher: Boston, New York (etc.) Allyn and Bacon
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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heLombards were his allies against the Arabs, and his handswere full at home. Pippin, however, owed more to the papacy. Therefore, whenthe Lombards attacked Rome again (soon after Pippin^s coro-nation), Pope Stephen set out in person to ask aid at theFrankish court. During this visit he himself re-consecratedPippin king of the Franks. On his part. Pippin made twogreat expeditions into Italy, winning easy victories over theLombards. The second time (756 a.d.) he reduced Lombardyto a tributary kingdom, and gave to the pope the territory thatthe Lombards had recently seized from the Exarchate of Ravenna. 784. This Donation of Pippin created the principalityof the Papal States, — a strip of territory reaching acrossItaly from Rome to Ravenna.^ The exact terms of Pippins 1 This papal kingdom lasted until 1870, when its last fragmfint was unitedto the new-born kingdom of Italy. Some Catholics hope still for its restora-tion. They believe that the pope cannot be free to direct kingdoms and
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§784) THE FRANKS AND THE PAPACY 623 grant are not known. Some writers hold that the pope wasintended to be wholly sovereign in this territory. Othersmaintain that Pippin stepped into the place of the Greekemperor, and simply intrusted to his lieutenant, the pope,somewhat larger domains. Possibly, at the moment, neither party had any completetheory. In practice, the Frankish kings and the popes longremained close friends, and it was not until much later (whendisputes arose) that a theory of the situation was needed.When that time came, however, the absence of clear definitionof powers in this grant was to entangle well-meaning menon opposite sides in hopeless quarrels for centuries. Thegreatest of the popes held to the first of the two views; thegreatest of the successors of Pippin, to the second. The papalview at length prevailed. rulers in moral questions, unless he is independent politically. This he canbe, only if he is himself a sovereign prince. No doubt some feeling of thiskind

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