File:The Iron and steel magazine (1898) (14595152769).jpg

Identifier: ironsteelmagazin11sauv (find matches)
Title: The Iron and steel magazine
Year: 1898 (1890s)
Authors: Sauveur, Albert, 1863-1939
Subjects: Metallography Iron Steel
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. (etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

View Book Page: Book Viewer
About This Book: Catalog Entry
View All Images: All Images From Book
Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book.

Text Appearing Before Image:
tograph of sections of a compressed and of a non-com-pressed ingot, each of 17 cwts., and of the same quality of steel,having been cast simultaneously from the same ladle. Thecompressed ingot is entirely free from pipe, and sound right upto the top, but besides this it will be seen from the fracture thatthe texture is far finer, indicating the work that has been put onthe steel by the compression. Compression of Steel Ingots in the Mold 507 It is the practice at Messrs. Jessops works in the ca 1the larger sizes of ingots to keep the top open during the processof compression. This is done by laying a fireclay ring on thetop of the ingot and using a feed rod. Directly the compres-sion commences, just sufficient pressure is applied to cause theliquid metal to rise up into this ring. The level of the liquidmetal is watched by the man who controls the pressure, and itindicates exactly the increase of pressure required to take upthe contraction due to cooling. Towards the end of the process
Text Appearing After Image:
Fig. 3 the last portion of the liquated metal is squeezed out and rejected.Analysis shows that this contains about 0.05 per cent of sulphur?or about four times the average percentage in the ingot, andconsequently a substantial improvement in quality is effectedby this means, which is very valuable, especially in high-classsteels. An ordinary pressure gauge indicates when the fullpressure has been reached. The following analysis taken from a compressed ingot,Fig. 3, shows a remarkable uniformity of composition andabsence of segregation: 5o8 The Iron and Steel Magazine hosphorusPer Cent o 009 o 013 o 009 o 011 o 009 c 009 0 .027 z SulphurPer Cent Drillings from hole No. 1 0.0n 2 0.019 3 0.019 4 0.016 5 0.016 6 0.014 Liquated portion squeezed out 0.052 Other analyses given in appendix show equal uniformity ofcomposition, and this was the invariable experience. The best proof of the success of this process is the fact thatthe waste amounts to barely 5 per cent, that is tosay, practically

Note About Images