File:The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 4); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church (1907) (14577164420).jpg

Identifier: 07470918.4.emory.edu
Title: The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 4); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church
Year: 1907 (1900s)
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Subjects: Catholic Church Theology Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Publisher: New York, R. Appleton
Contributing Library: Emory University, Pitts Theology Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Emory University, Pitts Theology Library

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lic Faith led to the establishment of per-manent papal nunciature in Cologne which existedfrom 1584 to the extinction of the archiejiiscopal Stateat the end of the eighteenth century (see Nuncio;Secularization). Ernest of Bavaria (1583-1612) was the first of thefive princes of the house of ^\ittelsbach who held theElectorate of Cologne until 1761. Ferdinand of Ba-varia (1612-,50), Maximilian Henry (1650-88), JosephClemens (1688-1723), and Clemens Augustus I (1727-61) succeeded him. Following the tradition of theirprincely house, these five archbishops were intenselyloyal to the Church, and upheld Catholicism in thearchdiocese, which, however, had lost 122 parishes inconsequence of the Reformation. However, in conse-quence of the repeated union of several bishoprics inthe hands of these Bavarian prelates, the political ad-ministration of the territory was held to be of primary,its religious government of secondary, importance.Moreover, the foreign policy of these five Bavarian
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THE CATHEDRAL, COLOGNE COLOGNE 119 COLOGNE archbishops was not always fortunate. By their alli-ance with France, especially during the Spanish andAustrian Wars of Succession, they furthered the polit-ical dissolution of the old German Empire (begun inthe Thirty Years War) and encouraged the anti-Haps-burg policy of France which aimed at the final over-throw of the German imperial power. Similarly, theirfriendly relations to France favoured the introductionof rationalism into Cologne. This spirit of oppositionto the Church and to the authority of the popes had astill stronger hold upon Archbishop Maximilian Fred-erick of Konigseck (1761-84). In 1771 he foundedan academy at Bonn in opposition to the loyal Cath-olic University of Cologne, and in 1781 issued in fav-our of the new academy an order according to whichattendance at the University of Cologne was punishedby inability to hold any office, either ecclesiastical orcivil, in the diocese. The last Elector of Cologne,Maximilian Franci

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