File:Rational hydrotherapy - a manual of the physiological and therapeutic effects of hydriatic procedures, and the technique of their application in the treatment of disease (1902) (14780237391).jpg

Identifier: rationalhydrothe00kell (find matches)
Title: Rational hydrotherapy : a manual of the physiological and therapeutic effects of hydriatic procedures, and the technique of their application in the treatment of disease
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Kellogg, John Harvey, 1852-1943
Subjects: Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy
Publisher: Philadelphia, : F.A. Davis Co.
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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which is used not onlyto convey nutrient material from the stomach to the tissues,and excrementitious matter from the tissues to the excretoryglands, but for the purpose of equalizing the temperature,conveying the surplus heat of the interior of the body to thesurface, where it may be dissipated by conduction, radiation,and evaporation. Nearly nine tenths of the daily heat lossoccurs from the skin. By the increased rate of heart beat,the complete exchange of blood between the center and theperiphery takes place more frequently, and the blood is thusmore rapidly cooled. 217 By active dilatation of the surface vessels a larger surfaceis exposed to the cooling influences that act upon the skin.The surface over which the blood is spread is not fully repre-sented by the seventeen square feet of skin surface, but ratherby the eleven thousand square feet of surface over which thecapillaries are spread in the walls of the perspiratory tubules,— six times the surface presented by the lungs.
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN RELATION TO HYDROTHERAPY. 85 One seventh of the total heat loss by the skin is due to 218evaporation. Evaporation of the increased amount of waterbrought to the surface by profuse sweating enormously in-creases the heat loss. Each ounce of water evaporated fromthe skin absorbs heat sufficient to raise the temperature ofabout seventy pounds of water one degree Fahrenheit. Byvarious means the amount of perspiration may be increasedto two or three pounds an hour. The increase of respiratory activity increases heat loss, 219not only by the increased amount of the air that is warmed,but by the evaporation of water from the two thousandsquare feet of surface presented by the pulmonary mucousmembrane. In like manner the thermogenic centers control a number 220of mechanisms by which heat production is increased andheat loss lessened. When cold is applied to the surface, orwhen the temperature of the blood is lowered, the accelera-tor thermogenic center is excited, an

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