File:Pacific service magazine (1918) (14596816177).jpg

Identifier: pacificservicema1019paci (find matches)
Title: Pacific service magazine
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Subjects: Pacific Gas and Electric Company Electric utilities Electrical engineering Public utilities
Publisher: San Francisco : Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Contributing Library: San Francisco Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: San Francisco Public Library

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be dug through such,either make the back fill with good earthor protect the pipe by a cover of at leastone inch of cement mortar. If a trenchis through sand, provision must be madefor cribbing or the trench must bestarted wide to give a batter to the sides.Usually good digging conditions arefound. PIPE LAYING A piece of work is first started by lin-ing up the job, distributing the pipe andfittings, bringing up tools and materialand marking out the trench. Remember,half the job is completed when you getproperly ready to do it. The opening ofthe trench is usually by hand. Theproper depth is dug; this is watched withcare as the foreman does not wish tohandle more earth than necessary, and itis important that the pipe rest on theditch bottom and not be suspended highabove the same on blocking. In trenching for cast-iron pipe it isnecessary to dig bell holes every length,or twelve feet. This is done to permit thepipe layers access to the joints. Aftersufficient trench is open a few men are
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16-inch cast-iron cement-joint pipe line,Fresno, Cal. started at pipe laying. The pipe is low-ered to the ditch bottom, spigot ends ofpipe are placed in bells and forced home.The grade of pipe is determined by leveland, if necessary, properly blocked tothis level. Blocking is placed just back ofthe bell and a few feet in front of same.Blocks are best when made from creo-soted pine or redwood. Never should apipe be graded by tamping dirt under it.When pipe-laying men have made someheadway, the calkers or joint makers areput to work. JOINTS Cast lead and cement are practically theonly materials used, and with good yarneach makes a satisfactory joint. Goodyarn is essential and only genuine hemprope such as the standing rigging of sail-ing vessels should be used. 70 Pacific Service Magazine

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