File:Mother and child (1920) (14577000549).jpg

Identifier: motherchild01whip (find matches)
Title: Mother and child
Year: 1920 (1920s)
Authors: Whipple, Guy M. Provision for the education of gifted children in the United States American Child Health Association American Child Hygiene Association National Child Health Council (U.S.). Child health in Erie County, New York
Subjects: Child health services Child welfare Children Maternal health services Mothers Child Health Services Child Welfare Maternal Health Services
Publisher: Baltimore, Md. : American Child Hygiene Association
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and the National Endowment for the Humanities

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ch Rome from the days ofAugustus to the passing of the to have been a determining factorin this tardy appearance of the bot-tle. In England and on the con-tinent of Europe, it is certain thatanimal milk was not extensivelyused as an infant food until theeighteenth century. An Italiangentleman and soldier named Tau-sillo besought the high-born ladiesof Italy to nurse their own infants,in a poem written about 1530, inwhich he neatly plagiarized all of 62 JOHN FOOTE , Aulus Gellius arguments. Scaevolecle St. Marthe, a French gentleman,composed in 1584 a Latin poemcalled Paedotrophia, in order thatchildren whose parents read Latinwould at least not have classicalblood polluted by foreign milk. Forboth these gentlemen believed the care given by fine ladies to lap-dogs. The substitute for the bottleat the time was the flour-ball orflour-teat, a lump of boiled or bakedflour lin a piece of cloth. Theearly English writers on nursing,such as Phayre and Peachey, alsoquoted Gellius and deprecated
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Hans Memling, a Flemish painter of the 15th Century,immortalizes the wooden pap-spoon Gellius statement to the effect thatmilk was only blood turned white.Both of these writers deplored thefact that mothers neglected theiroffspring. St. Marthe criticised thedancing craze of his day and the cows milk as a food for infants.In the sixteenth and seventeenthcenturies a hollowed cows hornwith a stitched parchment or apiece of sponge for a nipple isspoken of, and Cadogan, who wrote PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING-BOTTLE 63 much later, said he beheved thatits use caused children to havethe watery gripes. That was prob-ably stating the case very mildlyindeed. But Cadogan lived duringa period when very few physiciansbelieved in teaching the care of thechildren. Even the great physician,John Hunter, was quoted as havingsaid, Nothing can be done for sickchildren. THE NURSING BOTTLEs FAMILY TREE Preceding the bottle on the con-tinent and in England, are encoun-tered the feeding-spoon and thefeeding-pot. In

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