File:Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance (1870) (14782816674).jpg

Identifier: gri_33125008050011 (find matches)
Title: Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance
Year: 1870 (1870s)
Authors: Jacob, P. L., 1806-1884
Subjects: Middle Ages Civilization, Medieval Civilization, Renaissance Costume Military art and science Christian life
Publisher: London : Bickers & Son
Contributing Library: Getty Research Institute
Digitizing Sponsor: Getty Research Institute

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se themto deacons, or upon dea-cons to raise them to thepriesthood, should alwaystake place in public (co-ram populo) and at fixedperiods. The epoch chosenwas at first the calends ofDecember, afterwards ex-tended to each of the fourseasons. The iconography of theofficers of the sanctuarynearly always representsthe bishop as seated uponan elevated chair, laying hands upon clerks of a graduallydescending order ; the priest raising his arms and spreadingthem out to give the benediction; the deacon, bearing across or a book of the Gospels, or perhaps both, as he isportrayed in an ancient mosaic in St. Lawrence-without-the-walls, at Rome. It must also be noted that the deaconsand the priests, as well as the clerks of a lower order, arerepresented as beardless and with short-cut hair. In the sixth century, the tonsure or clerical croion, was universallyadopted by the Church. It was a mark of dignity which distinguishedthe clerks from the monks and the rest of the faithful; laymen wore their
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Fig. 224.—The Ecclesiastical Tonsure.—Miniature from the Kationale Divi-norum Officiorum of William Durand(Manuscript of the Fourteenth Century),Library of M. Ambroise Firmin-Didot. 280 THE SECULAR CLERGY. hair more or less long with a proportionate amount of beard, and the monkscut their hair almost as close as if shorn. The primitive Church had created the office of acolyte, whose duty-consisted in accompanying the bishops, the priests, and even the deacons.Under the pontificate of Cornelius (251), there were forty-two of the.;eassistants. The Eastern Church also had its acolytes, but did not accordthem the importance which they had in the city of the popes, wherethey formed three classes: the palatines, who assisted the sovereignpontiff in the basilica of the Lateran; the stationaries, who aided himin the churches where the stations took place; the regionaries, who assistedthe deacons in each of the regions or parishes. The political power of the bishops was founded in Graul at

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