File:Management of dairy plants (1921) (14781368375).jpg

Identifier: managementofdair00mort (find matches)
Title: Management of dairy plants
Year: 1921 (1920s)
Authors: Mortensen, Martin, 1872-
Subjects: Dairying
Publisher: New York, Macmillan
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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ciency ofsame. In case of the vertical machine, the piston does not wearon one side due to its own weight; the valves are more readilyadjusted^ so the clearance is reduced to the minimum. It isevident that the machine of the least clearance is of the greatestefficiency. The double-acting machine, if properly adjusted, doesnearly as much work in one cylinder as the single-acting does intwo cylinders. The machine is low down and therefore moreconvenient to look after, and it has only about half as manymoving parts as has the vertical machine. Ammonia Condenser. — This consists of a series of coilskept constantly cooled by water applied as a bath or as a trick-ling stream. Into these cooled coils the compressed ammoniavapor is forced from the compressor, passing through an inter-vening oil separator. As the ammonia vapor passes throughthese coils, the cold water absorbs the excess heat from theammonia and the latter collapses and passes out of the con- ^ Creamery Journal, July i, igii.
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78 MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY PLANTS denser in liquid form, thus completing the second and final stepin liquefaction. On its journey through the system, the ammonia has risen intemperature owing to heat acquired in two places — the latentheat of vaporization taken up in the expansion coils, and theheat of compression that represents work done on the ammoniaby the compressor. Some of this total acquired heat is absorbedby the water jacket of the compressor; the remainder passesinto the condenser and is there removed by the cold water. The temperature of the gas is, therefore, higher in the com-pressor and condenser coils than in the expansion coils. Butthere is a definite relation between the pressure of the gas andits temperature. At a pressure of 15 pounds, the ammonia gashas a temperature of 0° F., while at a pressure of 150 pounds ithas a temperature of 80° F. Consequently, a great disparitybetween the temperature in the condenser coils and that inthe expansion coils means a correspon

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