File:Irgizites (Pleistocene, ~750 ka to 1.07 Ma; near the Zhamanshin Impact Structure, Kazakhstan) 1.jpg
Original file (941 × 1,121 pixels, file size: 693 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary[edit]
DescriptionIrgizites (Pleistocene, ~750 ka to 1.07 Ma; near the Zhamanshin Impact Structure, Kazakhstan) 1.jpg |
English: Irgizites from the Pleistocene of Kazakhstan. (specimen at bottom is ~14 millimeters across at its widest)
Large and small impacts have affected Earth since its formation 4.55 billion years ago. Compared with the intensely pitted and cratered Moon, Earth has relatively few preserved impact craters, because most have been destroyed by water erosion, glacial erosion, and plate tectonic processes. Impact events are accompanied by intense heat, which results in melting of much of the ejected pulverized bedrock. The melted material cools quickly and falls back to Earth in the form of tektites - impact splash glasses. Tektites are principally composed of amorphous silica (SiO2). Broken surfaces show a conchoidal fracture. Tektites from different impact events are given different names. Irgizites are tektites associated with the Zhamanshin Impact Structure of Kazakhstan. The impact occurred during the Pleistocene - apparently between ~750,000 years to ~1.07 million years ago. Irgizites consist of black glass of varying silica content (~55 to ~79% SiO2). The morphology of irgizites varies - they generally have aerodynamic shapes, many of which have a complex droplet aggregate form. Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site near the Zhamanshin Impact Structure, west-central Kazakhstan Some info. from: Kapustkina (1991) - Some peculiarities of the irgizites construction and composition. Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 22: 679-680. Gottwald et al. (2020) - Zhamanshin, Kazakhstan. pp. 362-364 in: Terrestrial Impact Structures, The TanDEM-X Atlas 2, Asia, Australia, Europe. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. Munich. pp. 309-608. See info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhamanshin_crater and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tektite |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/51141097894/ |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing[edit]
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/51141097894. It was reviewed on 6 May 2021 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 May 2021
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 19:23, 6 May 2021 | 941 × 1,121 (693 KB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/51141097894/ with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:36, 26 April 2021 |
Lens focal length | 11.614 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 18.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 12:51, 26 April 2021 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:36, 26 April 2021 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.90625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 08:51, 26 April 2021 |
Unique ID of original document | 8FA72172953A64CEE2109067BCDA76AC |