File:Image of the multilayer tsunami countermeasure.jpg

English: Source: Anawat Suppasri, Panon Latcharote, Jeremy D. Bricker, Natt Leelawat, Akihiro Hayashi, Kei Yamashita, Fumiyasu Makinoshima, Volker Roeber, Fumihiko Imamura: "Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years", Coastal Engineering Journal, 58, (4), 2016, pp. 1640011-1 - 1640011-30, DOI:10.1142/S0578563416400118, First published on 27. October 2016. Published under the License : Creative-Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Here p. 1640011-15, Fig. 3 ("Image of the multilayer tsunami countermeasure [Miyagi Prefecture, 2014]"). Context as given in the source mentioned above: "The Reconstruction Agency [2011] has mentioned taking advantage of coastal forests when reconstructing coastal areas in the future. In Sendai Plain, a multilayer countermeasure (Fig. 3) is being implemented to mitigate the tsunami impact by combining a seawall with a coastal forest and elevated land or roadways. Iwanuma city in Miyagi prefecture is one example of this strategy. The plan includes the “Millennium Hope Hills”, which include several evacuation hills (TP (Tokyo Peil)+11m) that make use of tsunami debris, a raised road (TP+4–5m), a garden path (TP+3m) and an existing artificial canal (Teizanbori). This is the country’s first large-scale social implementation. Therefore, it can also be a model area for multilayer countermeasures against tsunamis. It is important to perform a risk assessment in accordance with the scale of the tsunami. The development of detailed numerical analyses is required to evaluate the specific effect of the coastal forest along with the benefit–cost ratio (B/C) for future replantation. It is also important to promote the shared limitations and damage-reduction effects of the coastal forest."