File:Image from page 213 of "Bulletin" (1901) (20238295350).jpg

Title: Bulletin Identifier: bulletin3021910smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: 200 PANQUECHIN PAPAGO [b. a. e. lage on Deer cr., near Anthony House, Nevada co., Cal. (r. b. d. ) Panpacans.—Powers in Overland Mo., xii,420,1874. Pan'-pa-kan.—Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., in, 282, 1877. Panquechin. A band of Sanetch in the s. E. part of Vancouver id.; pop. 64 in 1906. Panquechin.—Can. Ind. Aff. Rep., 66,1902. Pauk- wechin.—Ibid., 308, 18V9. Panthe. A former Choctaw town, noted in 1775 by Romans, by whom it was erroneously located, its position having evidently been transposed with that of Coosha (q. v.). It was at the head of Ponta cr., Lauderdale co., JNIiss. This town and Coosha were collectively known as the Coosha towns.—Halbert in Pub. Miss. Hist. Soc, vi, 416, 1902. Paonte.—Romans, Florida, 308, 1775. Paor. A province on the e. side of ancient Florida, near Chicora; seen by Ayllon in 1520.—Barcia, Ensayo, 5, 1723. Paouites. An unidentified tribe, living probably in Texas in 1690, said to be at war with the inhabitants of Toho or Teao village. Mentioned in the testimony con- cerning the death of La Salle, by the French captives, Pierre and Jean Talion. See Margry, Dec, iii, 612, 1878. Lemerlauans.—Ibid. Papago (from papah 'beans', dotam ' people': ' beansmen,' ' bean-people' (Kino, 1701, in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., I, 360, 1856; McGee in Coville and Mac- dougal, Des. Bot. Lab., 1903); hence Span. Frijoleros. Thenameis often erroneously connectedwith'cut-hair, "baptized,'etc.). A Piman tribe, closely allied to the Pima, whose original home was the territory s. and s. E. of Gila r., especially s. of Tucson, Ariz., in the main and tributary valleys of the Rio Santa Cruz, and extending w. and s. w. across the desert waste known as the Papagueria, into Sonora, INIexico. From San Xavier del Bac to Quitovaquita, one of their w^esternmost rancherias, it is about 120 m., and this may be considered as the extent of the settlements in the 17th and 18th centuries, during which period, owing to the inhospitality of their habitat, they were less inclined to village life than the Pima. Like the latter, the Papago subsist by agriculture, maize, beans, and cotton formerly being their chief crops, which they cultivated by means of irrigation; but many desert plants also contribute to their food supply, especially mesquite, the beans of which are eaten, and the saguaro, pitahaya, or giant cactus {Cereus gigantens), from the fruit of which preserves and a sirup are made. An extensive trade in salt, taken from the great inland lagoons, was former- ly conducted by the tribe, the product finding ready sale at Tubac and Tucson. Their present principal crops are wheat and barley. They are also stock-raisers; and in recent years many of them have gained a livelihood by working as laborers, especially on railroads and irrigation ditches. The Papago are tall and dark-complexioned; their dialect differs but little from that of the Pima, and their habits and customs are generally similar except that the men wear the hair only to the shoulders. Their traditions also bear close resem- blance save where varied by local color- ing. Like the Pima, the Papago women are expert basket makers. Their pottery is far inferior to that of the Pueblos, and the designs and patterns of both the pot- tery and the basketry are the same as those of the Pima. One of their favorite games, played with 4 sticks, was that known as hints (Spanish quince, 'fif- teen'), called by them ghin-fkoot (prob- ablv derived from the same word).

Text Appearing After Image: PAPAGO OF SAN XAVIER, ARIZONA. (am. Mus. Nat. Hist.) From early times the Papago have been known as a frugal and peaceable people, although they by no means lackedbravery when oppressed by their enemies, the Apache, from whose raids they suffered severely. Their typical dwelling is dome shaped, consisting of a framework of sap- lings, thatched with grass or leafy shnibs, with an adjacent shelter or ramada. These lodges are from 12 to 20 ft in di- ameter, and sometimes the roof is flat- tened and covered with earth. The Papago in the U. S. numbered 4,981 in 1906, distributed as follows: Under the Pima school superintendent (Gila Bend res.), 2,233; under the farmer at San Xavier (Papago res.), 523 allottees on reserve, and 2,225 in Pima co. In addi-

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