File:Image from page 199 of "Water reptiles of the past and present" (1914) (14772730112).jpg

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Identifier: waterreptilesofp1914will Title: Water reptiles of the past and present Year: 1914 (1910s) Authors: Williston, Samuel Wendell, 1851-1918 Subjects: Aquatic reptiles Publisher: Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago Press Contributing Library: Boston Public Library Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Public Library


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Text Appearing Before Image: haracteristic of the Crocodilia; in having a moreprimitive shoulder-girdle, consisting of a short coracoid, inter-clavicle, and clavicles; and in having the ordinary type of pelvis,that is, with the pubis entering into the acetabular articulationfor the femur. They were all, like the crocodiles, covered more orless by a bony armor; there are two openings on each side of thetemporal region; there is no pineal opening; the vertebrae aregently biconcave, precisely like those of the early or mesosuchiancrocodiles; there is always an opening-of considerable size, calledthe preorbital foramen, in front of the eyes, as in some crocodiles,many dinosaurs, and most pterodactyls; there is also an openingthrough the back part of the mandibles as in crocodiles; and thedouble-headed ribs are attached exclusively to the transverseprocess of the arch, precisely as in the crocodiles, dinosaurs, andpterodactyls. From all these it is evident that the phytosaurs are WATER REPTILES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT

Text Appearing After Image: PARASUCHIA 189 related most nearlyto the crocodiles anddinosaurs, and areprobably an earlybranch of the stemfrom which they, thepterodactyls and thebirds, arose, a branchthat persisted only ashort time, geologi-cally speaking, andwent entirely out ofexistence at the closeof Triassic times,leaving no descend-ants behind. Never-theless, in thiscomparatively brieflife-span they devel-oped not a few dis-tinctive forms andbecame widely dis-tributed over theearth. Their remainsare known from theUpper Trias of Ger-many, England, andScotland, India,South Africa, andfrom Massachusetts,North and SouthCarolina, and manyplaces in the RockyMountains. No truephytosaurs are yetknown from SouthAmerica, but in all


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