File:Grandest century in the world's history; containing a full and graphic account of the marvelous achievements of one hundred years, including great battles and conquests; the rise and fall of nations; (14595261438).jpg

Identifier: grandestcenturyi00nort (find matches)
Title: Grandest century in the world's history; containing a full and graphic account of the marvelous achievements of one hundred years, including great battles and conquests; the rise and fall of nations; wonderful growth and progress of the United States ... etc., etc
Year: 1900 (1900s)
Authors: Northrop, Henry Davenport, 1836-1909
Subjects: Nineteenth century
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa., National publishing co
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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rown open to the trade of the world,and made the official residences of Eu-ropean consuls. China was also com-pelled to pay to Great Britain an indem-nity of $21,000,000. In 1842 CalebCushing, who had been sent out by theUnited States to China, arrived in thatcountry and readily negotiated a com-mercial treaty between the two coun-tries, July 3, 1844. This was followed ASIA AND AFRICA IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 237 by a treaty with France, signed October23, 1844. The Chinese government never meantto observe these treaties in good faith,and its treatment of the foreigners with-in its dominions was at all times markedby deceit and an ill-concealed hostility.This feeling led to constant disputes be- France had experienced similarwrongs at the hands of the Chinese, andmade common cause with England. Thetwo powers now resolved to force Chinato a settlement, and in 1S57 sent a jointexpedition to that country. Canton wasbombarded by the Anglo-French fleeton the 28th of December, and the next
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VIEW OF VICTORIA—HONG KONG. tween the imperial authorities and theforeign consuls and merchants. In Oc-tober, 1856, matters were brought to acrisis by the seizure of the Arrow, aBritish vessel built in China, by theChinese officials. This act led to a de-sultory war between China and GreatBritain, which lasted several years, andin which the Chinese were. PS a ru^e,the winners. day was occupied by the English andFrench land forces, which numberedless than 6,000 men. The viceroy Yehwas captured, but the Chinese Govern-ment endeavored to offset this reverse bydegrading Yeh and appointing his suc-cessor. Russia and the United States nowjoined England and France in endea-voring to force China to negotiate moreliberal treaties with the western powers. 238 ASIA AND AFRICA IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The action of the Chinese Govern-ment was unsatisfactory, and the alliedforces attacked and captured the fortsat the mouth of the Pei-ho, and pushedon to Tien-tsin, fifty miles above themouth of

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