File:Field and woodland plants (1909) (14597755619).jpg

Identifier: fieldwoodlandpla00furn (find matches)
Title: Field and woodland plants
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: Furneaux, William S
Subjects: Wild flowers Shrubs
Publisher: London New York : Longmans, Green, and Co.
Contributing Library: University of Connecticut Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Connecticut Libraries

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ees are of the exogenous ty))e ; (Jiat is, thek stemsincrease in thickness by the addition of new wood formed outsidethe older wood and underneath the bark. Thus the l)ark, whichis composed of a layer or mass of dead, sai)less cells, is graduallypushed outward as the stem thickens. The result is that the barkis either more or less fractured, as in the Elm and the Oak, or itflakes oif and falls to the ground, as is the ease with the Plane andthe Birch. A new layer of bark is always formed during eachsummer, and this, in turn, either cracks or )>ccls away ; but while,in the former instance, the accumulated bark jiresents a very ruggedajipearance, and becomes very thick, in the latter ease it remainssmooth, and is always thin. Then again, how are we to accoimt for the great variety in thegeneral forms of our different trees—the irregular, crooked natureof the Oak ; the slender, but denser branching of the airj^ liirch ;and the tall, pjramidal form of the Lombardy Polar ? All this is
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1. Hazel, with catkin 2. Ash. Trees ik winter or Early SiRiNO 3. oaK. 4. Lime, with remains of the lasiseasons fruits. 42 FIELD AND \V()r)r)LAXD PLANTS easily understood if we carefully observe the positions of the budsas seen during the winter months ; and watch the development ofthese buds during early spring. If the buds are irregularly scattered on the twigs, the lateralbuds being as strongly developed as the terminal ones, while, inthe spring, as is often the case, certain only of the buds develop intonew twigs, the others remaining dormant, then the branches assumetliat irregular, crooked appearance so characteristic of the Oak.If, on the other hand, aU the terminal buds are well developed,and the lateral buds are weaker and more regularly distributed, butfarther apart, then the tree grows more rapidly in height than inbreadth, and assumes more nearly the character of the PyramidalPojilar. It will thus be seen that the study of trees in their wintercondition is not altogether la

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