File:Demonstration of the War Invalids, Petrograd (April 1917) (14576336083).jpg

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Boris Souvarine Papers - Soviet Russia Photos - Link: 404 graduateinstitute.ch/home/research/library/archives/boris...

Notes: The back of the document holds the mention (in Russian and French): "Demonstration of the war invalids". The photo may represent a demonstration which took place in April 1917, under the Provisional Government, in a tense political climate marked by anti-war demonstrations in Petrograd and Moscow.

A witness of the demonstration, Trotski described it in these words: "On April 1917 there took place in Petrograd the patriotic nightmare of the war invalids. An enormous number of wounded from the hospitals of the capital, legless, armless, bandaged, advanced upon the Tauride Palace. Those who could not walk were carried in automobile trucks. The banners read: "War to the end". That was a demonstration of despair from the human stumps of the imperialist war (...)".

Unknown photographer.

Description: 1 photograph. Black and white ; 17 x 23 cm.

Sources and further reading: Figes, Orlando. 2014. Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991 : a History. New York: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt and Company

Figes, Orlando. Kolonitskii, B. I. 1999. Interpreting the Russian Revolution: the Language and Symbols of 1917. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Galili y Garcia, Ziva. 1989. The Menshevik Leaders in the Russian Revolution: Social Realities and Political Strategies. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Rabinowitch, Alexander. 2007. The Bolsheviks in Power: the First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Rabinowitch, Alexander. 1976. The Bolsheviks Come to Power: the Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd. New York: W.W. Norton.

Soukhanov, Nicolai. 1955. The Russian Revolution, 1917: a Personal Record. London: Oxford University Press.

Trotsky, Leon. 1932. The History of the Russian Revolution. vol. 1, London: Gollancz. (Chapter "The "April Days". Quotation p. 349).
Date
Source Demonstration of the War Invalids, Petrograd [April 1917]
Author The Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Library

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Public domain
This work is in the public domain in Russia according to article 1281 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, articles 5 and 6 of Law No. 231-FZ of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006 (the Implementation Act for Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

This usually means that one of the following conditions is fulfilled.

  1. The author of this work died:[1]
    • (a) before January 1, 1942 or
    • (b) between January 1, 1942 and January 1, 1946, did not work during the Great Patriotic War and did not participate in it.
  2. This work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym:
    • (a) before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication, or
    • (b) between January 1, 1943 and January 1, 1946, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication.
  3. This work is a film (a video fragment or a single shot from it):
    • (a) which was first shown before January 1, 1943[2] or
    • (b) which was created by legal entity between January 1, 1929 and January 1, 1946, provided that it was first shown in the stated period or was not shown until August 3, 1993.
  4. This work is an information report (including photo report), which was created by an employee of TASS, ROSTA, or KarelfinTAG as part of that person’s official duties between July 10, 1925[3] and January 1, 1946, provided that it was first released in the stated period or was not released until August 3, 1993.

This work is in the public domain in the United States, because it was in the public domain in its home country (Russia) on the URAA date (January 1, 1996), and it wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications in the U.S.

[1] If the author of this work was subjected to repression and rehabilitated posthumously, copyright term is counted from January 1 of the year following the year of rehabilitation.
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