File:Carte Générale Des Découvertes de l'Amiral de Fonte, et autres Navigateurs Espagnols, Anglois et Russes pour la recherché du (MAPS 92).jpg

English:

Copper engraving.

Printed center at top: ”Carte Générale Des Découvertes de l’Amiral de Fonte, et autres NAigateurs Espagnols, Anglois et Russes pour la recherché du Passage á la Mer du Sud. Par M. De l’Isle de l’Académie royale des Sciences etc. Publiée a Paris en Septembre 1752.”

Printed in upper left corner above inset: ”Carte dressée Sur la letter de l’Amiral de Fonte par l’Ecrivain de la Californie.”

Printed in bottom right corner outside border: ”166.”

Printed in the upper right corner outside the border: ”Suppl. 7e. Carte.”

Printed in the lower left corner outside the border: ”Cette Carte a été traduite par M. de Vaugondy et grave á Paris en 1772.”

Shows Siberia, the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Bering Strait and the northwestern edge of North America as well as a Northwest Passage. Displays the mythical “Quivira” and Sea of the West or “Mer de l’Ouest” in North America. Shows Alaska as land discovered by the Russians in 1741 and incorrectly defines it as a small island. Includes notes and names of Native American places. Shows Hudson’s and Baffin’s Bays. Also includes discoveries and routes made by Captain Vitus Bering, Aleksei Chirikov, and Nicolas de Frondat. Includes an inset map in the upper left corner showing the Strait of Anian or “Detroit d’Anian” along with three large islands in detail.

Joseph Nicolas de L’Isle was the older brother of Guillaume de L’Isle. He was an astronomer and cartographer who spent several years working for and in Russia. With Kirilou he created the first Russian atlas, “Atlas Russicus” (1745). He was also one of the founders of the Academy of Science in St. Petersburg. In 1747 he returned to Paris with a major map collection from Russia (Tooley 395; Moreland and Bannister, 132). During his time in Russia, Joseph Nicolas de L’Isle developed this map of the Northwest Passage based on an “apocryphal” account from Admiral Bartholomew de Fonte who was said to have found the Northwest Passage by following an inlet at 53 degrees north latitude. This depiction is seen in this map by following Admiral de Fonte’s route in 1640 as it leads northward to “Lac Bernarda” and eastward to “Lac de Fonte” and eventually to Hudson’s Bay. De L’Isle also followed Juan de Fuca’s account of finding an inland sea in 1592 and so drew a “Mer de l’Ouest” with one entrance found by de Fuca and another allegedly found by Martin d’Aguilar in 1603 (Wheat, 141). Though this map was first published in 1752, this particular version of it was engraved and published as a supplement to Didier Robert de Vaugondy’s “Encylopedie” (1779) in which he meant to cover the depiction of the fabled Northwest Passage (Wagner, 342, entry 637; Phillips, 627, no. 1195). Didier Robert de Vaugondy (1723-1786) was Royal Geographer and Censor in France (Tooley, 541). The Robert de Vaugondy family was descended from the Nicolas Sanson family and had much of his map plates. The family combined his plates with those of Hubert Jaillot’s plates after his death in 1712. Combining the map plates and thoroughly revising the earlier engravings, the family created the “Atlas Universal” (1750-1757) (Moreland and Bannister, 136). Didier’s work includes: “Mexico” (1749), “Maps in Atlas Universal” (1750-1757), “Nouvel Atlas portative” (1784), and “America Septentrionale” (1761). His atlases were later reissued by Delamarche (Tooley, 541). Source(s) Moreland, Carl and David Bannister. “Antique Maps: A Collector’s Handbook.” New York: Longman Group, Ltd., 1983. Phillips, Philip Lee. “List of Geographical Atlases.” Vol.1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1909. Tooley, Ronald Vere. “Tooley’s Dictionary of Mapmakers.” Hertfordshire: Map Collector Publications Limited, 1979. Wagner, Henry R. “The Cartography of the Northwest Coast of America to the year 1800 Volume 2.” Berkeley: University of California Press, 1937. Wheat, Carl I. “Mapping the Transmississippi West.” Volume 1. San Francisco: Institute of Historical Cartography, 1957.

• Subjects (LCSH): North America--Maps--Early works to 1800; Russia--Maps--Early Works to 1800; North America--Discovery and exploration; Fuentes, Bartolome de, 17th cent--Travel; Bering, Vitus Jonassen 1681--1741--Travel
• Categories: Exploration and Discovery; Mythical Places; Cartographic Curiosa; Northwest Passage; Quivira; Alaska