File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20315808509).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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115
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PLATE XLI. PIGNUT HICKORY PIGNUT HICKORY Carya glabra, (Miller) Spach FORM—A falr-ertzcd tree usually 50-60 ft. In height with a diameter of 2-3 ft., but may reach a height of 90 ft. with a diameter of 3-4 ft. Trunk slender, slightly-tapering, often clean and long. Crown oblong in shape, rather narrow, soniietimes high, formed by short, spreading branches, the lower ones often drooping. BARK—Rarely peels off or exfoliates, is close, dark gray, shallow-Assured, narrowly ridged, tough, J-J of an Inch thick. Resembles the bark of the White Ash. See Fig. 110. TWIGS—Rather slender, usually smooth, at first yellowish-green, later reddish-brown, covered with numerous pale longrltudlnally-elongated lentlcels, roughened by leaf scars and bud-scale scars; pith angular. BUDS—Alternate, more than 2-ranked, reddish-brown to gray, oval, blunt-pointed. Terminal bud i-i of an inch long, larger than the laterals. All buds covered with reddish-brown, smooth, sharp-pointed, somewhat keeled outer scales and pale-silky Inner scales. Outer scales often drop off during winter. LEAVES—Alternate, compound, with 5-7 leaflets, 8-12 inches long. Leaflets oblong to obovate- lanceolate, sharp-pointed at apex, ftnely toothed on margin, tapering or obliquely rounded at base, thick, smooth, dark green above, paler below. LEAF-SCARS—Alternate, heart-shaped or oblong or Inversely triangular or 3-lobed, contain- ing numierous prominent bundle-scars Irregularly scattered or arranged in a curved line or in 3 clusters. FLOWERS—Appear about May when leaves are about half developed. Staminate and pistillate flowers occur separately. Staminate arranged in aments about 3-5 inches long and clustered in 3s on a common stalk. Pistillate occur in 2-5 flowered spikes on the new growth. FRUIT—Matures about October, variable in shape and size, pear-shaped or spherical to obovoid, 1-2 inches long, tapering at the base, reddish-broAvn, sometimes pubescent. Husk may remain closed or split open from apeji towards the middle or occasionally along the entire length. Nut oblong to oval, with thick bony shell containing a kernel which is at first sweet, later bitter. WOOD—Similar to that of the other Hickories of the State, except the Bitter Nut Hickory. See description of wood, page 112. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Pignut or Broom Hickory, also known as the Bitter Nut Hickory, can be distinguished by its smooth and rather slender twigs which bear small oval reddish-brown buds covered with scales, the outer pair of which Is smooth or glandular (lotted and often falls off before spring, thus exposing the inner velvety scales. Its buds are not yellow like those of the Bitter Nut Hickory and are smaller than those of our other native Hick- ories. The pear-shaped to ovoid fruit, with a thick bony-shelled nut is characteristic. The bark Is close and does not exfoliate like that of the Shag-bark Hickory. The leaves, with 5-7 usually smooth and oblong to obovatelameol.ite leaflets are distinctive. RANGE—Maine and Ontario west to Minnesota and Nebraska, and south to Florida and Texas. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Common In the southeastern and southwestern parts. Also found locally in other parts. More coniimon in the mountainous portion of the State than any other Hickory. HABITAT—Most conwnon on dry ridges and hillsides. Rarer in swampy situations. Commonly scattered amidst our Oaks and Chestnut. Prefers plenty of sunlight. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES—The Pignut Hickory produces a very valuable wood, espec- clally for the farmer. The fruit is not fdible. It should be grown in the farmer's woodlot and in our larger forests in mixture with other forest trees. The seedlings are ditftcult to transplant on account of their long taproots, which are rather sensitive to handling. In attempting to grow this tree one should plant the nuts and not the seedlings. The great value of its wood justifies every effort that one can put forth In growing it. 1. 4. o. ItraiK'h with ininiatuio l«avfs iind tinMcrs, liranoh with niHtiirr 1«'hv«s hikI liiiit with A nut Avith husk rcniovt'd, x y. ("ross-sectioM ut a nnt, x A. A winter luanrh, x i. Terminal se<"tioii uf a wiiili r liiaiich. en A l«'al-scar with Imnille xais. eiila luecl. X \. liiisk lar;;eil. jMirtly removed, x i. INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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