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DescriptionBiomedicines-09-01024-g001-550.jpg	English: Figure 1. Molecular mechanism of PARP1/2 in the DNA damage response. (1). Nuclear DNA is damaged (SSB, DSB) (2). PARP1/2 binds to the DNA damage site, activating its enzymatic action. (3). PARP1/2 uses an NAD molecule to form an ADP-ribose molecule and a nicotinamide molecule. ADP-ribose is added to the target protein or to existing poly (ADP-ribose) chain. The target protein can be PARP1/2 (Auto-PARylation) or other DDR proteins (PARylation). PARP inhibitors disrupt NAD binding at this step. Nicotinamide is recycled to NAD in the presence of ATP. (4). Target DDR proteins are modified, recruited or activated as a result of PARylation. (5). Damaged DNA is repaired [32].
Date	2021
Source	https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/1024
Author	Abdullah Alhusaini,Aoife Cannon,Stephen G. Maher,John V. Reynolds ,Niamh Lynam-Lennon

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