File:Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics (1874) (18171503606).jpg

Title: Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics
Identifier: animallocomotio00pett (find matches)
Year: 1874 (1870s)
Authors: Pettigrew, James Bell, 1834-1908
Subjects: Animal locomotion; Aeronautics
Publisher: New York, D. Appleton & company
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Text Appearing Before Image:
AERONAUTICS. 237 There is, moreover, a continuous play of the wing; the down stroke gliding into the up one, and vice versa, which Fjcx. ^ i
Text Appearing After Image:
Fig. 117.—Eepresents a longitudinal section of bamboo cane ten feet long, and one inch wide.— Original. Fig. 118 —The appearance presented by the same cane when made to vibrate by the hand. The cane vibrates on either side of a given line (x x), and ap- pears as if it were in two places at the same time, viz., c and /, g and d, e and h. It is thus during its vibration thrown into figures-of-S or opposite curves. — Original. Fig. 119.—The same cane when made to vibrate more rapidly. In this case the waves made by the cane are less in size, but more numerous. The cane is seen alternately on either side of the line x a*, being now at i now at m.^ now at n now ati, now at k now at o, now at p now at I. The cane, when made to vi- brate, has no dead points, a circumstance due to the fact that no two parts of it reverse or change their curves at precisely the same instant. This curious reciprocating motion enables the wing to seize and disengage itself from the air with astonishing rapidity.— Original, Fig. 120.—The same cane with a flexible elastic curtain or fringe added to it. The curtain consists of tapering v/halebone rods covered with a thin layer of india- rubber, a h anterior margin of wing, c d posterior AMto.—Original. Fig. 121.—Gives the appearance presented by the artificial wing (fig. 120) when made to vibrate by the hand. It is thrown into longitudinal and transverse waves. The longitudinal waves are represented by the arrows c cZ ^, and the transverse waves by the arrows / g h. A wing constructed on this principle gives a continuous elevating and propelling power. It developes figure-of-8 curves during its action in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique di- rections. It literally floats upon the air. It has no dead points—is vibrated with amazingly little power, and has apparently no slip. It can fly in an up- ward, downward, or horizontal direction by merely altering its angle of in- clination to the horizon. It is applied to the air by an irregular motion—the movement being most sudden and vigorous always at the beginning of the down stroke.—Original.

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