File:A text-book of human physiology (1906) (14583755748).jpg

Identifier: textbookofhumanp00tige (find matches)
Title: A text-book of human physiology
Year: 1906 (1900s)
Authors: Tigerstedt, Robert, 1853-1923 Murlin, John R. (John Raymond), b. 1874, tr
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: New York and London, D. Appleton and Co.
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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lenecrotic foci make their appearance in the liver. From the larger foci cystsdevelop; the smaller ones become transformed into connective tissue, and arefollowed finally by an hepatic cirrhosis. When the discharge of bile into the intestine is prevented, the bile is reab- THE LIVER AND THE SECRETION OF BILE 275 sorbed. It does not pass directly from the biliary ducts into the blood, but istaken up, in part at least, by the lymphatic vessels. If the thoracic duct as wellas the bile duct be tied off, it may happen that no constituents of the bile willpass into the blood (Harley) ; but there are statements to the effect that evenunder these circumstances they may find their way into the general circulation(Wertheimer and Lepage). C. THE DISCHARGE OF BILE IN DIGESTION When digestion is not going on the secreted bile collects in the gall blad-der; there it loses water and becomes thicker. Neither bodily movements,nor movements of the alimentary canal, fasting, nor appetite have any effect
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Fig. 110.—The hourly covirse of the discharge of bile into the intestine of the dog, following in-gestion of different foods, after Bruno. meat; bread; milk. in causing the gall bladder to empty its contents: the bile begins to flow fromthe bladder into the intestine only at the beginning of digestion. The outflow of bile into the intestine is adapted to the immediate require-ments by the following mechanisms. The discharge of bile from the ductuscholedochus is controlled by a special sphincter. The gall bladder and the bileduct possess muscles which are under the influence of the splanchnic nerve. Itis said that the duodenal sphincter of the ductus choledochus is innervated bythe vagus. Phenomena witnessed on stimulation of the splanchnic show fur-ther that the gall bladder, as well as the ductus choledochus and the sphincter,may be reflexly dilated. Again by central stimulation of the vagus, reflex con-traction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the sphincter may be produced. T

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