File:02024 Silver, two-cone bead, 9th-century.jpg

English: A small portion was also extracted from indigenous lead or copper ores. Initially, raw silver arrived from the Arab lands by way of coins, which were melted down to be later used for the production of ornaments. The earliest local makers used simple goldsmithing methods, such as forging, casting or wire moulding, as evidenced by the oldest finds of this class of artifacts. Production techniques were developed through their own practice, but above all via connections with other European goldsmiths. This is particularly prominent in products from the 10th to the 11th centuries, when high-quality decorative techniques such as filigree, which is the making of ornaments with fine wires, and granulation, which involves decorating with tiny balls, became widely used. The application of new techniques and the evolution of the skills of local goldsmiths also resulted in a greater range of forms applied to the objects produced.